Tenali

Tenali es una ciudad en el distrito de Guntur del estado indio de Andhra Pradesh . Es un municipio y la sede del mandal de Tenali y la división de ingresos de Tenali . ^{[ 5 ]} La ciudad es famosa por su arte, cultura y teatro, por lo que se la llama "el París de Andhra". ^{[ 6 ]} Es uno de los doce organismos locales urbanos en la Región Capital de Andhra Pradesh ^{[ 7 ]} y la duodécima ciudad más poblada del estado, con una población de 199 345 habitantes en 2011. La ciudad de Tenali también forma parte de la Autoridad de Desarrollo de la Región Capital de Andhra Pradesh (APCRDA).

Tenali Rama , uno de los bufones y ocho poetas del gobernante de Vijayanagara , Krishnadevaraya , a principios del siglo XVI, era originario de Tenali.

La palabra Tenali deriva de Teravali . ^{[ 5 ]} La tradición local afirma que la palabra es un nombre erróneo de Tella Naali, que significa árbol Naali blanco. La corteza de color blanco es una característica poco común de Holoptelea integrifolia (olmo indio), que se encuentra en abundancia alrededor de la ciudad. ^{[ 8 ]}

Three canals of the Krishna River flow through Tenali town, making it a part of the rice bowl of Andhra Pradesh, resembling Paris, where three canals pass through the town. Hence Tenali is affectionately called "Andhra Paris". In 2011 the town limits were expanded by many kilometers. The expansion included the villages of Angalakuduru, Nandivelugu, Kolakaluru, Pinapadu and Burripalem.

The Andhra–Satavahana dynasty ruled the region around the present town from 225 B.C. to 225 A.D. The relics found in the excavations around Tenali reveal the existence of Jainism and Buddhism.^[5] One such example is the inscription in Ramalingeswara temple, dating back to the 16th century AD.^[9]

Tenali is situated at 16°14′20″N 80°38′42″E / 16.239°N 80.645°E / 16.239; 80.645, on the southern deltaic region of Krishna River.^[3] The town is spread over an area of 29.56 km² (11.41 mi²).^[2] It lies at an average altitude of 13 metres (43 ft) above mean sea level. This town has no National or State Highway passing through it. The East canal, the Nizampatnam canal and the West canal flow through the town, which originates from Krishna River.^[10] The region around the town forms a part of Western Delta System of Krishna river.^[11][12] The area is covered by Alluvium and the main soil varieties are Red and Black.^[3]

Climate

Tenali has a tropical wet and dry climate (KöppenAw). The average annual temperatures range from a high of 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) to a low of 24.2 °C (75.6 °F). May is the hottest and December is the coolest months of the year.^[13] The town receives maximum rainfall due to the onset of southwest monsoon season from June to October.^[3] The annual precipitation averages 1,017 millimetres (40 in) with the month of August being the highest with 202 millimetres (8 in) and January being the lowest with 1 millimetre (0 in).^[13]

As of 2011 census of India, there were 43,593 households with a population of 164,937. It comprises 81,427 males, 83,510 females and 14,340 children (age group of 0–6 years). The average literacy rate stood at 82.75% with 124,618 literates, of which males were 164,467 and females were 160,151. There are a total of 60,756 workers and 6,238 non–workers.^[4] The number of households in 74 slums (37 notified and 7 non–notified) were 18,958 and the total slum population was 75,831.^{[14]: 11, 23}

Telugu is the most spoken language with a total of 142,085 native speakers, followed by 19,923 Urdu speakers. A significant minority speak Hindi, Marathi and Bengali.^[15] The religious population constitute 138,156 Hindus (83.76%), 21,619 Muslims (13.11%), 3,206 Christians (1.94%) and 1,355 (0.82%) not stating any religion.^[16]

El municipio de Tenali es la sede del gobierno local y el consejo municipal de Tenali es el órgano legislativo . ^{[ 1 ]} Fue constituido en 1909 y está clasificado como un municipio de grado especial . La jurisdicción del organismo cívico se extiende sobre un área de 16,63 km² ⁽ 6,42 mi² ⁾ . ^{[ 2 ]} Tiene un total de 70 distritos electorales: 27 no reservados y 43 reservados. Los distritos están reservados 4 para SC , 12 para ST y 24 para BC . ^{[ 17 ]} Cada distrito está representado por un miembro del distrito y el comité de distrito está encabezado por un Presidente. ^{[ 18 ]} El actual Comisionado Municipal de la ciudad es Venkata Krishna. ^{[ 19 ]} El municipio de la ciudad ha recibido varios premios, como el Premio Hoja Verde 2015 a la Mejor Gestión Descentralizada de Residuos Sólidos ^{[ 20 ]} y Ciudad Verde del país por la gestión de la separación de residuos . ^{[ 21 ]}

La ciudad está representada por la circunscripción de Tenali en la asamblea legislativa estatal . ^{[ 22 ]} El segmento de la asamblea forma parte de la circunscripción de Guntur Lok Sabha , que representa la cámara baja del Parlamento indio . ^{[ 23 ]} El actual diputado de Tenali es el Sr. Nadendla Manohar . Actualmente, el Sr. Nadendla se desempeña como Ministro de Alimentación, Abastecimiento Civil y Asuntos del Consumidor.

El municipio supervisa las necesidades cívicas, como el suministro de agua, el alcantarillado, las carreteras y los parques, y está incluido en la Misión Atal para la Revitalización y la Transformación Urbana . ^{[ 24 ]} Los residentes de la ciudad dependen de pozos , depósitos elevados y una planta de filtración para sus necesidades diarias de agua, que extrae agua principalmente del río Krishna de la presa de Prakasam . ^{[ 25 ] [ 26 ]} El municipio de la ciudad implementa la recolección de basura de dos contenedores, campañas de saneamiento como Mana Tenali – Es una creación de la gente para la higiene de la gente, ^{[ 27 ]} prohibición de bolsas de plástico, etc. ^{[ 28 ]}

Tenali thrives on trade and agriculture.^[29] Irrigation in the Western Delta, the region in which the town lies, is supported by water from the Krishna river.^[30]Paddy is the major crop cultivated, producing on an average of 22–24 bags per acre.^[12] Major crops include black gram, maize, and jowar.^[31] The Tenali Agriculture Market Yard is used for trading and exporting agricultural products.^[32]

The town being a part of the capital region, is recognized as one of the future growth centers.^[33][34] It is also a part of the Tenali–Ponnur growth corridor.^[35]

The town is notable for drama, fine arts, literature and poetry. The iconic Martyr's Memorial at Ranarang Chowk denotes the impact of the town on the Indian freedom struggle during the Quit India Movement.^[36] The people of Tenali had responded to Mahatma Gandhi's call and organised a bandh on 12 August 1942. The British police had opened fire on them, and seven people had been killed on the spot, at Morrispeta which later came to be known as Ranarang Chowk. After Independence, seven pillars had been erected in the memory of the seven martyrs, and a statue of Mother India with a baby in her arms had been installed at Ranarang Chowk.^[37]

It was the domicile of doyen of several social and revolutionary moments viz. Non Bramin Movement 1920 (Suryadevara raghavaiah Chowdary), Rationalist movement 1940 (Kaviraju Sri Tripuraneni), Radical Humanist Movement 1950 (Sri M.N. Roy) etc.^[38]

The town has been the host for events such as the formation of the 1929 Andhra Nataka Kala Parishad, the Kanyasulkam play, and cultural fests.^[36][39]Tenali Ramakrishna, one of the eight poets in the court of Sri Krishna Devaraya, hails from Tenali.^[5] In the area of modern literature are contributors such as Chakrapani, Gudipati Venkata Chalam, Kodavatiganti Kutumbarao, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy. Furthermore, Nethi Parameswara Sarma wrote the book Nurella Tenali Rangastala Charitra, which translates to 100 years of theater in Tenali.^[36][39]

Many artists who hail from Tenali and the nearby villages have contributed a major share to the Telugu film industry, such as AVS, Govindarajula Subba Rao (the first Telugu cinema hero), Krishna, Gummadi Venkateswara Rao, Jamuna, Kanchanamala (the first Telugu cinema heroine), Kongara Jaggayya, Rama Prabha, Savitri, Sharada, Siva Parvati and Divya Vani.

There are various religious worship centers in the town, such as the Vaikuntapuram Venkateswara temple and the Iglesia ni Cristo church. The notable Satyanarayana UDA Lake Park (or Chinaravuru park), named after former municipal chairman Ravi Satyanarayana, is maintained by VGTMUDA (now APCRDA).^[40]

Jalebi is very famous in Tenali town. It is made with jaggery instead of the traditional way with sugar. There is no color added to jalebi. Many parcels are sent abroad on a daily basis.^[41]

Tenali has a total road length of 410.00 km (254.76 mi).^[42]Guntur, Mangalagiri, Burripalem and Ponnur roads are the arterial roads for road connectivity to the town. The road towards Guntur connects with SH 48 at Narakodur. The Tenali–Mangalagiri road, the Tenali–Narakodur road, and the Tenali–Chandole road are a part of the core road network of the district, which connects the town with Mangalagiri, Narakodur and Chandole respectively.^[43][44]

Bus and rail transport are the major modes of public transport for inter district and inter state commuting.^[45] The bus transport is provided by Tenali bus station, owned and operated by APSRTC.^[46] The station is also equipped with a bus depot for storage and maintenance of buses.^[47][48] It operates bus services to nearby and intrastate destinations.^[49][50]

The town's railway line, the Guntur-Tenali railway line, is an important and short route line that connects Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with Tamil Nadu and Kerala.^[51] As it is a junction railway station, the trains are more frequent to any of the cities.^[52]Tenali Junction provides rail connectivity to the town and is classified as an A–category station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. It is an important junction station on the line between the Howrah–Chennai and the New Delhi–Chennai sections, which also connects the Tenali–Repalle branch line and the Guntur–Tenali section.^[53]

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.^[54][55] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 71 schools, comprising 26 private schools, 44 municipal schools, and 1 other type of school.^[56] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the town is 11,544.^[57]

Sri Vivekananda Central School, Adarsh Public School,^[58] Dr.K.K.R Gowtham^[59] St. John's Public School,^[60]Kendriya Vidyalaya,^[61] and Westberry School^[62] are some of the public and private schools under CBSE and state boards. Yalavarthy Veda Pathashala, one of the oldest vedic schools founded in 1894, is located in Gandhi Nagar area of the town.^[63]

There are 20 private aided junior colleges, such as the Taluk Junior college, the JMJ college for Women, the VSR and NVR college, and the Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Junior college. Additionally, fourteen unaided junior colleges provide undergraduate education.^[64] The JMJ college for women and the VSR and NVR college are the two autonomous colleges under Acharya Nagarjuna University.^[65] There are colleges for different fields of study, such as nursing,^[66] Government Industrial Training Institute, and other institutes for vocational courses.^[67][68]

The town has an indoor sports complex for Badminton, Tennis and Volleyball at the Chenchupet area.^[69]

Sports personalities from the town include National Senior Chess Silver Medalist International Master CRG Krishna,^[70] National Challengers Championship winner and chess master S. Ravi Teja^[71] and weightlifter Sai Revathi Ghattamaneni, a gold medalist at Senior Nationals in the 63-kg category.^[72]

• Tenali Rama , poeta y figura clave de la corte de Krishnadevaraya del Imperio Vijayanagara.
• Savitri , conocida como Mahanati y una de las mejores actrices indias de todos los tiempos.
• Yalavarthy Nayudamma , popular científico que murió en el atentado con bomba contra el avión de Kanishka.
• Nadendla Bhaskara Rao , política y ex ministra principal del conjunto de Andhra Pradesh
• Nadendla Manohar , política , s/o Nadendla Bhaskara Rao y ex presidenta de la asamblea de Andhra Pradesh
• JCM Sastry , nefrólogo
• Krishna , popular actor y ganador del premio Filmfare a la trayectoria.
• Sobhita Dhulipala , actriz y ganadora de Femina Miss India Earth 2013.
• Sarada , ganadora de 4 premios nacionales indios a la mejor actriz.
• Chakrapani , fundador de Chandamama y famoso productor de cine.

Otros actores notables en la industria cinematográfica incluyen a Jaggayya ,

• Rajyalakshmi ,
• Kanchanamala ,
• Ashwin Babu ,
• Ohmkar ,
• Maharshi Raghava ,
• Punarnavi Bhupalam ,
• Govindarajula Subba Rao ,
• Gummadi ,
• Priyadarshini Ram ,
• Prabha, entre otros.

Eminentes académicos y poetas como

• Chand Gudi , experto en robótica y emprendedor (acrónimo de "robótica de niebla" ).
• Tripuraneni Ramaswamy
• Chalam
• Kodavatiganti Kutumba Rao

• Lista de ciudades en Andhra Pradesh
• Lista de municipios en Andhra Pradesh
• Lista de pueblos en el distrito de Guntur