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Etlingera elatior

{{cite iucn|author1=Poulsen, A.D.|author2=Olander, S.B.|year=2019|title=''Etlingera elatior''|name-list-style=amp|article-number=e.T117234456A124279013|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-...

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Etlingera elatior (also known as torch ginger, among other names) is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the family Zingiberaceae, native to the Malay Peninsular, the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea of the Malesia bioregion.[2]

The showy pink flowers are used in decorative arrangements and are an important ingredient in food across Southeast Asia.

Names

E. elatior is also known as "torch ginger", "ginger flower", "red ginger lily", "torchflower", "torch lily", "wild ginger", "Indonesian tall ginger" and "porcelain rose".[2]

In other languages, it is known as: "Philippine wax flower"; Sundanese: honje; Javanese: combrang; Indonesian: kecombrang or cekala (Sumatra); Standard Malay: bunga kantan; Sinhala: ගොඩ ඕලු (goda olu), ගොඩ නෙලුම් (goda nelum), or සිද්ධාර්ථ (siddartha); Chinese:火炬姜 (pinyin:huǒjù jiāng); Spanish: boca de dragón; French: rose de porcelaine; Thai: ดาหลา (dala).

Description

The species grows as a pseudostem from a rhizome; it takes about 18–22 days for the first leaf to grow from the rhizome. The leafy shoot lasts for about 70 days and may reach a height of 3–6 metres.[4][5] Its leaves are leathery and grow around 85 cm (33 in) long and 18 cm (7 in) broad with a central groove.[4] The fibers of Etlingera elatior are strong.[6]

Flower

The capitateinflorescence appears from the shoot after 30 days, reaching a height of 2.5 m it swells gradually and turns pink before blooming after more than 50 days. The inflorescence is made of 20–25 layers of floral bracts and 3-4 layers of involuceral bracts at full bloom; it may have 90-120 true flowers inside.[5] The capitulum can reach a diameter of 25 cm.[7]

Chemistry

From the leaves of E. elatior, three caffeoylquinic acids, including chlorogenic acid (CGA), as well as three flavonoidsquercitrin, isoquercitrin and catechin, have been isolated.[8] Content of CGA was significantly higher than flowers of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), the commercial source.[9]

A protocol for producing a standardized herbal extract of CGA from leaves of E. elatior (40%) has been developed, compared to commercial CGA extracts from honeysuckle flowers (25%).[8]

Similar species

Uses

The flower buds are edible.[12] In North Sumatra (especially among the Karo people), the flower buds are used in a stewed fish dish called Arsik ikan mas (Andaliman-spiced carp). In Bali, people use the white part of the bottom part of the trunk for cooking chilli sauce called "Sambal Bongkot", and use the flower buds to make chilli sauce called "Sambal Kecicang".

In Thailand, it is eaten in a kind of Thai salad preparation.[13] In Malaysia, the flower is an essential ingredient in cooking the fish broth for a kind of spicy sour noodle soup called "asam laksa" (also known as "Penang laksa"),[14] in the preparation of a kind of salad called kerabu and many other Malay dishes.[15] The fruit is also used in Indonesian cooking.[16]

En Karo , se le conoce como asam cekala ( asam significa 'agrio'), y los capullos de las flores, pero más importante aún, las vainas maduras, que están llenas de pequeñas semillas negras, son un ingrediente esencial de la versión Karo del sayur asam , y son particularmente adecuadas para cocinar pescado fresco. En sundanés , se le conoce como Honje .

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Poulsen, AD y Olander, SB (2019). " Etlingera elatior " . Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la UICN . 2019 e.T117234456A124279013. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T117234456A124279013.en . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2025 .
  2. 1 2 3 " Etlingera elatior L." Plant of the World Online . Jardines Botánicos Reales de Kew. 2023 . Consultado el 4 de enero de 2022 .
  3. 1 2 Riffle, Robert Lee (1998). El aspecto tropical: una enciclopedia de plantas paisajísticas espectaculares . Timber Press. pág. 167. ISBN  978-0-88192-422-0.
  4. 1 2 Huxley, Anthony (1992). Diccionario de jardinería de la Royal Horticultural Society . Vol. 2. Londres : Nueva York: Macmillan Press. pág. 217. ISBN    1-56159-001-0.
  5. 1 2 Choon, SY; Ding, P. (2016). "Etapas de crecimiento de la planta de jengibre antorcha ( Etlingera elatior )" . Sains Malaysiana . 45 (4): 507– 515 . Recuperado el 4 de enero de 2023 .
  6. ↑ Quinaya, DCP; d'Almeida, JRM (2019). "Posibilidad de explorar y aplicar residuos de algunas plantas ornamentales (Elatior etlingera; Costus comosus; Heliconia bihai) como fuentes de fibras celulósicas naturales". Journal of Natural Fibers . 17 (10): 1488– 1496. doi : 10.1080/15440478.2019.1581118 .
  7. ↑ Kuck, Loraine; Tongg, Richard (1960). Flores y árboles en flor de Hawái . Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co. pág. 139. 
  8. 12Chan, E.W.C. (2009). "Bioactivities and chemical constituents of leaves of some Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia". Ph.D. thesis, Monash University, 305 p., http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/149589Deprecated link archived 2012-12-03 at archive.today
  9. ↑Chan, E.W.C.; Lim, Y.Y.; Ling, S.K.; Tan, S.P.; Lim, K.K.; Khoo, M.G.H.; et al. (2009). "Caffeoylquinic acids from leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae)". LWT - Food Science and Technology. 42 (5): 1026–1030. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2009.01.003.
  10. 1234Chan, E.W.C.; Lim, Y.Y.; Wong, L.F.; Lianto, F.S.; Wong, S.K.; Lim, K.K.; Joe, C.E.; Lim, T.Y.; et al. (2008). "Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition properties of leaves and rhizomes of ginger species". Food Chemistry. 109 (3): 477–483. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.016.
  11. 12Chan, E.W.C.; Lim, Y; Wong, S; Lim, K; Tan, S; Lianto, F; Yong, M; et al. (2009). "Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species". Food Chemistry. 113 (1): 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.090.
  12. ↑"Etlingera elatior - Torch Ginger, Torch-ginger, Philippine Waxflower". Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers. 2010-04-18. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  13. ↑"'ดาหลา' มาหาความอร่อย". คมชัดลึกออนไลน์ (in Thai). 2015-08-16. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  14. ↑"Family Recipe for Asam Laksa". Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  15. ↑Tan, Florence (2018). Florence Tan's Timeless Peranakan Recipes. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-981-4794-03-9. OCLC 1132374857.
  16. ↑"Etlingera elatior (torch ginger)". cabi.org. Retrieved 19 January 2021.