Cartulario

Un cartulario o cartulario ( / ˈ k ɑːr tj ʊ l ər i / ; latín: cartularium o chartularium ), también llamado pancarta o codex dispatcherus , es un manuscrito medieval en volumen o rollo ( rotulus ) que contiene transcripciones de documentos originales relacionados con la fundación, los privilegios y los derechos legales de establecimientos eclesiásticos, corporaciones municipales , asociaciones industriales, instituciones educativas o familias. El término también se aplica a veces a colecciones de documentos originales encuadernados en un solo volumen o unidos entre sí para formar un rollo, así como a los custodios de dichas colecciones. ^{[ 1 ]}

Michael Clanchy define un cartulario como "una colección de títulos de propiedad copiados en un registro para mayor seguridad". ^{[ 2 ]}

Un cartulario podía adoptar la forma de un libro o de un códice . En él se recopilaban, transcribían o copiaban documentos, crónicas u otros tipos de textos manuscritos.

En la introducción al libro Les Cartulaires , se argumenta que en el mundo diplomático contemporáneo era común proporcionar una definición estricta como la transcripción organizada, selectiva o exhaustiva de los documentos diplomáticos, realizada por el propietario de los mismos o por el productor del archivo donde se conservan los documentos. ^{[ 3 ]}

En el Diccionario de Terminología Archivística, un cartulario se define como «un registro, generalmente en forma de volumen, de copias de cartas, títulos de propiedad, concesiones de privilegios y otros documentos importantes pertenecientes a una persona, familia o institución». ^{[ 4 ]} En 1938, el historiador francés Émile Lesne escribió: «Cada cartulario es testimonio del estado de los archivos de una iglesia en el momento de su compilación». ^{[ 5 ]}

Los términos relacionados en otros idiomas son: cartularium (latín); Kopiar , Kopialbuch ( alemán ), Chartular (español) ; cartolario, cartulario, cartario ( italiano ); cartulario ( español ).

In medieval Normandy, a type of cartulary was common from the early 11th century that combined a record of gifts to the monastery with a short narrative. These works are known as pancartes.^[6]

The allusion of Gregory of Tours to chartarum tomi in the 6th century is commonly taken to refer to cartularies. The oldest surviving cartularies, however, originated in the 10th century.^[7] Those from the 10th to the 13th centuries are very numerous.

Cartularies frequently contain historical texts, known as cartulary chronicles, which may focus on the history of the monastery whose legal documents it accompanies, or may be a more general history of the world. This link between legal and historical writings has to be understood in the context of the importance of past events for establishing legal precedence.^[8]

Sometimes the copyist of the cartulary reproduced the original documents with literal exactness. On the other hand, some copyists took liberties with the text, including modifying the phraseology, modernizing proper names of persons and places, and even changing the substance, so as to extend the scope of the privileges or immunities granted in the document. The value of a cartulary as a historical document depends not only on how faithfully it reproduces the substance of the original, but also, if edited, on the clues it contains to the motivation for those changes. These questions are generally the subject of scrutiny under well-known canons of historical criticism.

Many cartularies of medieval monasteries and churches have been published, more or less completely. A listing of all known medieval cartularies of the British Isles, edited by Godfrey Davis, was published in 1958, and republished in a heavily revised and extended edition in 2010: the revised edition contains entries for about 2,000 cartularies, including those of both ecclesiastical establishments and secular corporations, dating from the 11th to 16th centuries, with details of dates, provenance, current location, and (where appropriate) publication.^[9] The Catalogue général des cartulaires des archives départementales (Paris, 1847) and the Inventaire des cartulaires etc. (Paris, 1878–9) were the chief sources of information regarding the cartularies of medieval France. There may be more recent developments in cataloguing.

• Cartularies of Valpuesta, two medieval cartularies from the north of Spain.
• Chartularium Sithiense or Abbey of Saint Bertin's cartulary, written in Latin and whose first part is attributed to Folquin (or Saint Folquin, died 14 December 855 in Esquelbeques)
• Cartulario de Óvila, of the monastery Santa María de Óvila^[10]
• Hemming's Cartulary, two cartularies bound together, the Liber Wigorniensis, made in England around the year 1000, and a second compiled by Hemming about a hundred years later. It is now in the British Library.
• Cartulary of Windsheim, O.E.S.A. made in Windsheim in Germany between 1421 and 1462.^[11]
• The English Register, a summarised English translation of the Latin charters of the BenedictineGodstow Nunnery, commissioned by abbess Alice Henley^[12]
• Liber feudorum maior, a twelfth-century cartulary of the Crown of Aragon
• Liber feudorum formae minoris, an early thirteenth-century continuation of the Liber feudorum maior
• Liber instrumentorum memorialium, an early thirteenth-century cartulary of the Lords of Montpellier
• Liber instrumentorum vicecomitalium, also called the Trencavel Cartulary and the Foix Cartulary, a thirteenth-century French collection
• Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, a thirteenth-century cartulary of the County of Cerdanya
• Supetar cartulary, a twelfth-century cartulary of the monastery of St Peter in Poljice, near Split in Croatia
• The Tropenell Cartulary, from the west of England estates of Thomas Tropenell, 15th century
• The Register of St Osmund, a 13th-century cartulary belonging to Salisbury Cathedral.
• Textus Roffensis (c.1123), the first part is a collection of primarily secular documents written in Old English, whilst the second part is the cartulary of Rochester Cathedral written in Latin.

El cartulario romano/bizantino tardío era un funcionario administrativo y fiscal. En la Iglesia ortodoxa griega , el cargo equivalente se denominaba chartophylax . Este título también se otorgaba a un antiguo funcionario de la Iglesia romana , encargado de los fueros y documentos relacionados con los asuntos públicos. El cartulario presidía los juicios eclesiásticos en lugar del Papa.

•  Este artículo incorpora texto de una publicación que ahora es de dominio público : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Cartulario ". Enciclopedia Católica . Nueva York: Robert Appleton Company. 
•  Este artículo incorpora texto de una publicación que ahora es de dominio público : Chambers, Ephraim , ed. (1728). "Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1.ª ed.). James y John Knapton, et al.  
• Davis, GRC; Breay, Claire ; Harrison, Julian; Smith, David M., eds. (2010). Cartularios medievales de Gran Bretaña . Londres: British Library. ISBN 9780712350389.

• Códices Diplomáticos Hispánicos
• Cartularios Medievales
• Cartulario de Windsheim, OESA. Archivado el 20 de abril de 2021 en Wayback Machine.
• Código diplomático della Lombardia Medievale (CDLM)