Articulo de referencia

Chloroethynylnorgestrel

Chloroethynylnorgestrel (developmental code name WY-4355 ) is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group related to norgestrel that was investigated as an oral contra...

Chloroethynylnorgestrel (developmental code name WY-4355) is a steroidalprogestin of the 19-nortestosterone group related to norgestrel that was investigated as an oral contraceptive in the 1970s but was never marketed.[1][2][3][4]

In combination with mestranol, similarly to ethynerone and anagestone acetate (and certain other progestogens, including progesterone and several other 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives), chloroethynylnorgestrel was found to produce striking mammary tumors in beagledogs after administration at very high dosages (10- to 25-fold human clinical dosages) for prolonged periods of time.[1][3][4] This resulted in the discontinuation of its development, along with that of ethynerone and anagestone acetate, as well as the removal of several progestins, including chlormadinone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and megestrol acetate, from various markets as contraceptives (although medroxyprogesterone acetate has since been reintroduced).[1][5] Subsequent research revealed that the risk is species-dependent and unique to canines and that there is no similar risk for humans.[6]

Mammary tumors in beagledogs treated by (left) MK-665 (ethynerone with mestranol) and (right) chloroethynylnorgestrel with mestranol for 4 years at a dosage of 1.05 mg/kg/day cyclically.

References

  1. ^ abcLingeman CH (6 December 2012). Carcinogenic Hormones. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-3-642-81267-5.
  2. ^Tavassoli FA, Casey HW, Norris HJ (May 1988). "The morphologic effects of synthetic reproductive steroids on the mammary gland of rhesus monkeys. Mestranol, ethynerone, mestranol-ethynerone, chloroethynyl norgestrel-mestranol, and anagestone acetate-mestranol combinations". The American Journal of Pathology. 131 (2): 213–234. PMC 1880606. PMID 3358452.
  3. ^ a b Geil RG, Lamar JK (septiembre de 1977). "Estudios de la FDA sobre estrógenos, progestágenos y combinaciones de estrógenos/progestágenos en perros y monos". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health . 3 ( 1–2 ): 179–193 . Bibcode : 1977JTEH....3..179G . doi : 10.1080/15287397709529557 . PMID 411941 . 
  4. ^ a b Casey HW, Giles RC, Kwapien RP (1979). "Neoplasia mamaria en animales: aspectos patológicos y efectos de los esteroides anticonceptivos". Hormonas carcinogénicas . Vol. 66. págs.  129–160 . doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-81267-5_4 . ISBN 978-3-540-08995-7. PMID  107546 .{{cite book}}: |journal=ignorado ( ayuda )
  5. ^ Streffer C, Bolt H, Follesdal D, Hall P, Hengstler JG, Jacob P, Oughton D, Prieß K, Rehbinder E, Swaton E (11 de noviembre de 2013). "Extrapolación entre especies" . Exposiciones a dosis bajas en el medio ambiente: relaciones dosis-efecto y evaluación de riesgos . Medios de ciencia y negocios de Springer. págs.135–. ISBN 978-3-662-08422-9.
  6. ^ Neumann F, Düsterberg B, Laurent H (6 de diciembre de 2012). «Desarrollo de progestágenos» . En Runnebaum B, Rabe T, Kiesel L (eds.). Anticoncepción femenina: actualización y tendencias . Springer Science & Business Media. págs. 134–. ISBN 978-3-642-73790-9.
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