BFW M.20

The BFW M.20 (also known as the Messerschmitt M.20 after the designer's surname) was a German single-engine, high-wing monoplane ten-seat passenger transport aircraft, developed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Deutsche Luft Hansa used it throughout the 1930s on a variety of routes.

The M 20 was designed by Willy Messerschmitt at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, primarily for use with Luft Hansa which had ordered two in advance of the first flight.^[1] It was a development of the BFW M.18d eight-seater, equipped with a single 375 kW (500 hp) upright inline water-cooled BMW VIa engine. It had a high, cantilever wing based around a robust D-section box formed from a single duralspar and dural skin, forward to the leading edge. The fuselage was all-metal, with a mostly dural frame, covered with metal sheeting^[2] providing rectangular cross-section accommodation, with four square windows each side, for eight passengers. The single-axle main undercarriage was strutted vertically to the wing.

The aircraft made its maiden flight on 26 February 1928, but was lost when pilot Hans Hackmack bailed out at low altitude and was killed, after the surface stripped from part of the wing. A second M.20 was flown on 3 August 1928, and became the first of two M.20a series to fly with Luft Hansa.

Encouraged by their performance, Luft Hansa ordered 12 more, enlarged, M.20b aircraft. These carried ten passengers in a fuselage with five windows each side. It had dihedral on the wing and a more rounded vertical tail.

The Luft Hansa M.20s entered service in 1929 on routes that went from Switzerland via Germany to the Netherlands and from Stuttgart via Marseille to Barcelona.^[1][3] From the mid-1930s, they were operating German internal and holiday routes. Two were still flying such routes in 1942.

One former Luft Hansa airframe went to Brazil in 1937, flying with Varig as PP-VAK, until it crashed on 7 March 1948, the only M.20 to survive the war^[1][4]

M.20a

Los dos primeros aviones de ocho plazas para Luft Hansa. ^{[ 3 ]}

M.20b

Doce aviones de diez plazas construidos para Luft Hansa. ^{[ 3 ]}

M.20b-2

Actualizado con un motor BMW VIu de 480  kW (640 hp). ^{[ 3 ]} 

Alemania

• Luft Hansa

Brasil

• Varig

Datos de Messerschmitt: un álbum de aviones , ^{[ 1 ]} Flugzeug-Typenbuch 1936 , ^{[ 5 ]} Vuelo 281028 ^{[ 2 ]}

Características generales

• Tripulación: 2
• Capacidad: 10 pasajeros
• Longitud: 15,8  m (51  pies 10  pulgadas)
• Envergadura: 25,5  m (83  pies 8  pulgadas)
• Altura: 4,8  m (15  pies 9  pulgadas)
• Superficie del ala: ⁶⁵ m²  ( 700 pies cuadrados )  
• Relación de aspecto : 10
• Peso en vacío: 2990  kg (6592  lb) pasajeros; 2590  kg (5710  lb) carga
• Peso bruto: 3990  kg (8796  lb) pasajeros; 4010  kg (8840  lb) carga
• Capacidad de combustible: depósito principal: 750  L (200 galones  estadounidenses ; 160 galones imperiales ); depósito de aceite: 40 L (11 galones estadounidenses ; 8,8 galones imperiales )        
• Planta motriz: 1 × motor de pistones BMW VI V-12 refrigerado por agua, 480  kW (640  hp). Para el despegue (1 minuto), 500  hp (370  kW) continuos.
• Hélices: Hélice de madera de paso fijo de 2 palas

Actuación

• Velocidad máxima: 205  km/h (127  mph, 111  nudos)
• Velocidad de crucero: 170  km/h (110  mph, 92  nudos)
• Alcance: 1.050  km (650  millas, 570  millas náuticas)
• Duración: 6,1 horas
• Techo de servicio: 4.600  m (15.100  pies)
• Velocidad de ascenso: 3,5  m/s (690  pies/min)
• Tiempo para alcanzar la altitud: 1000  m (3281  pies) en 5 minutos.
• Carga alar: 73,8  kg/m² ⁽ 15,1  lb/  pie²)
• Velocidad de aterrizaje: 90  km/h (56  mph; 49  nudos)

Desarrollo relacionado

• Messerschmitt M 18

Aeronaves de función, configuración y época comparables

• Focke-Wulf A 17
• Fokker F.XIV
• Kalinina K-5
• Latécoère 28
• Nieuport-Delage NiD 540
• Stout 2-AT Pullman