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Ukrainian dialects

Map of Ukrainian dialects and subdialects (2005) Northern group Southeastern group Southwestern group The Ukrainian ( Ruthenian ) language in the Second Polish Repub...

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Map of Ukrainian dialects and subdialects (2005)
  Northern group
  Southeastern group
  Southwestern group
The Ukrainian (Ruthenian) language in the Second Polish Republic according to the 1921 census
Geographic distribution of the Ukrainian language in the Russian Empire according to the 1897 census

In the Ukrainian language there are three major dialectal groups according to territory: the southwestern group (Ukrainian: південно-західне наріччя, romanized: pivdenno-zakhidne narichchia), the southeastern group (Ukrainian: південно-східне наріччя, romanized: pivdenno-skhidne narichchia) and the northern group (Ukrainian: північне наріччя, romanized: pivnichne narichchia) of dialects.

List of dialects

Southwestern group

Southeastern group

Northern group

Emigre dialects

Ukrainian is also spoken by a large émigré population, particularly in Canada (Canadian Ukrainian), The United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Australia. The founders of this population primarily emigrated from Galicia, which used to be part of Austro-Hungary before World War I, and belonged to Poland between the World Wars. The language spoken by most of them is based on the Galician dialect of Ukrainian from the first half of the twentieth century. Compared with modern Ukrainian, the vocabulary of Ukrainians outside Ukraine reflects less influence of Russian, yet may contain Polish or German loanwords. It often contains many loanwords from the local language as well (e.g. снікерси, snikersy, for "sneakers" in the United States[14]).

Disputed status of some dialects

Russian "dialectological map" of 1914. Territory inhabited by Ukrainian-speakers in the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires is shaded in green. The language was called Ruthenian in Austria-Hungary and "Little Russian" or "Malorussian dialect" in the Russian Empire.
"Map of South-Russian accents and dialects" (1871). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ukrainian language was categorized by Russian academics as a derivative of Russian language referred to as "South-Russian" or "Little-Russian".[15]

Balachka

Balachka is spoken in the Kuban region of Russia, by the Kuban Cossacks. The Kuban Cossacks being descendants of the Zaporozhian Cossacks are beginning to consider themselves as a separate ethnic identity. Their dialect is based on Middle Dnieprian with the Ukrainian grammar. It includes dialectal words of central Ukrainian with frequent inclusion of Russian vocabulary, in particular for modern concepts and items. It varies somewhat from one area to another.[16]

Rusyn

The Rusyn language is classified as a dialect of Ukrainian by the Ukrainian government. However Rusyn is considered by some linguists to be a separate language.

See also

References

  1. ↑"Південно-західне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  2. ↑Southwestern dialects. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  3. ↑"Подільський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  4. ↑"Південно-східне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑"Слобожанський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  6. ↑"Степовий говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  7. ↑"Північне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  8. ↑"ІЗБОРНИК. Історія України IX-XVIII ст. Першоджерела та інтерпретації. Нульова сторінка". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  9. ↑"Середньополіський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія". Litopys.org.ua. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  10. ↑"Maps of Belarus: Dialects on Belarusian territory". Belarusguide.com. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  11. ↑Arkushyn 2019, p. 115-116.
  12. ↑Lesiv 1997, p. 291.
  13. ↑Arkushyn 2019, p. 118.
  14. ↑"The Lexicon of the Third-Wave Ukrainian Diaspora – Forgotten Galicia". forgottengalicia.com. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  15. ↑Gardiner, Sunray Cythna (1965). German Loanwords in Russian, 1550–1690. Published for the society by B. Blackwell. p. 8. denote White Russian.
  16. ↑"map". www.ethnology.ru. Archived from the original on 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2007-09-29.

Sources

  • Del Gaudio S. 2017. An introduction to Ukrainian Dialectology. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, Sonderband 94. Frankfurt am Main etc. Peter Lang.
  • Dialects of Ukrainian language
  • Luckyj, George S.N. ([1956] 1990). Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine, 1917–1934, revised and updated edition, Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1099-6.
  • G.Y. Shevelov (1979). A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Verlag. ISBN 3-533-02787-2.. Ukrainian translation is partially available online.
  • Григорій Петрович Півторак (Hryhoriy Pivtorak) (1998). Походження українців, росіян, білорусів та їхніх мов (The origin of Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and their languages). Kyiv: Akademia. ISBN 966-580-082-5., (in Ukrainian). Available online.
  • Subtelny, Orest (1988). Ukraine: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5808-6.
  • Василь Німчук. Періодизація як напрямок дослідження генези та історії української мови. Мовознавство. 1997.- Ч.6.-С.3-14; 1998.
  • Микола Лесюк "Різнотрактування історії української мови"Archived 2006-06-30 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Ilko V. Korunets' (2003). Contrastive Topology of the English and Ukrainian Languages. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha Publishers. ISBN 966-7890-27-9.
  • "What language is spoken in Ukraine", in Welcome to Ukraine, 2003, 1.
  • All-Ukrainian population census 2001
  • Конституція України (Constitution of Ukraine)Archived 2007-10-05 at the Wayback Machine (in Ukrainian), 1996, English translation (excerpts).
  • 1897 census
  • Literaturnyy Forum (Ukrainian language)
  • Ukrainian–English Dictionary
  • Radio Canada International daily Ukrainian language news broadcasts and transcripts
  • Ukrainian Linguistic Portal
  • Dialects of Ukrainian language
  • Ukrainian language – the third official? – Ukrayinska Pravda, 28 November 2005
  • Arkushyn, H. L. (2019). "Хахлацька мова на Підляшші"[Khakhatska language in Podlachia](PDF). Українська мова (in Ukrainian) (1). Луцьк: 115–125. doi:10.15407/ukrmova2019.01.115. ISSN 1682-3540. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  • Lesiv, Mykhailo (1997). Українські говірки в Польщі[Ukrainian subdialects in Poland] (in Ukrainian). Український архів.
  • Короткий словник львівської ґвари Upper Dniestrian
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