El Premio de la Academia a la Mejor Banda Sonora Original es un premio que la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas (AMPAS) otorga anualmente al mejor conjunto sustancial de música en forma de música incidental dramática escrita específicamente para la película por el compositor que la presenta. [ 1 ] Se permite algo de música preexistente, pero una película candidata debe incluir un mínimo de música original. Este mínimo desde 2021 se establece en el 35% de la música, que se eleva al 80% para secuelas y películas de franquicia . [ 2 ] Quince bandas sonoras son preseleccionadas antes de que se anuncien las nominaciones.
Historia
La Academia comenzó a premiar películas por sus bandas sonoras en 1935. La categoría se llamaba originalmente Mejor Banda Sonora . En ese momento, los ganadores y nominados eran una mezcla de bandas sonoras originales y adaptaciones de material preexistente. Tras la controvertida victoria de Charles Previn por Cien hombres y una chica en 1938 , una película sin compositor acreditado que presentaba música clásica preexistente, la Academia añadió una categoría de Mejor Banda Sonora Original en 1939. [ 3 ] En 1942 , la distinción entre las dos categorías de Banda Sonora cambió ligeramente , ya que se renombraron como Mejor Banda Sonora de una Película Dramática y Mejor Banda Sonora de una Película Musical . [ 4 ] Esta fue la primera vez que la categoría se dividió en géneros separados. De 1942 a 1985 , las bandas sonoras musicales tuvieron su propia categoría, con la excepción de 1958 , 1981 y 1982. Durante ese tiempo, ambas categorías tuvieron muchos cambios de nombre:
Después de las victorias de cuatro películas de Walt Disney Feature Animation en seis años de 1990 a 1995 ( La Sirenita , La Bella y la Bestia , Aladdin y El Rey León ) durante un período llamado el Renacimiento de Disney , se decidió una vez más dividir la categoría de Mejor Banda Sonora Original por géneros, esta vez combinando comedias y musicales. Como dijo Alan Bergman , presidente de la rama musical de la Academia, "La gente votaba por las canciones, no por la música incidental. Sentíamos que los miembros de la Academia fuera de la rama musical no distinguían entre los dos. Entonces, cuando una banda sonora como la de El Rey León compite contra un drama como Forrest Gump , son peras con manzanas, no en la calidad de la banda sonora, sino en la forma en que funciona en la película. Hay una gran diferencia". [ 5 ] Por lo tanto, la categoría se dividió en Mejor Banda Sonora Dramática Original y Mejor Banda Sonora Musical o de Comedia Original en 1996 . Este cambio resultó impopular en las otras ramas de la Academia, ya que Charles Bernstein , presidente del comité de reglas de la Academia, señaló que "ninguna otra categoría del Oscar dependía del género de una película" y "el trabajo de componer una banda sonora para una comedia romántica no es sustancialmente diferente de trabajar en un drama intenso". [ 5 ] Esta división se revirtió en 2000 .
En 2020 , se modificaron las reglas para exigir que la banda sonora de una película incluyera un mínimo del 60 % de música original. Las películas de franquicias y las secuelas deben incluir un mínimo del 80 % de música nueva. [ 6 ] En 2021 , las reglas se modificaron nuevamente, reduciendo el porcentaje mínimo de música original del 60 % al 35 % de la música total de la película. [ 7 ]
Premio de la Academia al Mejor Musical Original
El Premio de la Academia al Mejor Musical Original es una categoría que se restableció en el año 2000 tras la eliminación de la categoría de Mejor Banda Sonora Original de Musical o Comedia. Nunca se ha otorgado en su formato actual debido a una prolongada escasez de películas que cumplieran con los requisitos de elegibilidad. El Comité Ejecutivo de la Rama Musical de la Academia decide si hay suficientes candidaturas de calidad para justificar su activación. [ 8 ]
Según las reglas, el premio al Mejor Musical Original se define de la siguiente manera:
Un musical original consta de al menos cinco canciones originales del mismo autor o equipo de autores, ya sea utilizadas como voces en off o interpretadas visualmente. Cada una de estas canciones debe ser sustanciosamente interpretada, claramente audible e inteligible, y debe contribuir a la trama de la película. Un grupo arbitrario de canciones que no sean esenciales para la trama no se considerará elegible. [ 8 ]
Ganadores y nominados
A continuación se presenta la lista de compositores nominados, organizada por año, que incluye tanto las películas como los compositores. Los años que aparecen en la lista de ganadores corresponden a los años de producción; por lo tanto, una referencia a 1967 se refiere a los premios Óscar entregados en 1968 por películas estrenadas en 1967.


















































década de 1930
década de 1940
década de 1950
década de 1960
década de 1970
década de 1980
década de 1990
década de 2000
década de 2010
2020s
Shortlisted finalists
Finalists for Best Score are selected by the Music Branch. Music Branch members shall vote in order of their preference for not more than 15 pictures to be considered for the Score award. The 15 motion pictures receiving the highest number of votes shall advance to the next round of voting. [13]
Records
Superlatives
These are only for nominations in the Scoring categories. Nominations in other categories, such as the Original Song category, are not included.
Age superlatives
Only one composer has won two Scoring Oscars the same year: in 1973, Marvin Hamlisch won Original Dramatic Score for The Way We Were and Best Adaptation Score, for The Sting. Hamlisch also won Best Song that year for The Way We Were, making him the only composer to win three music Oscars in the same year.
Only one composer has won Oscars three years in a row: Roger Edens won for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950).
Eight composers have won Oscars two years in a row:
- Ray Heindorf won for Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) and This Is the Army (1943).
- Franz Waxman won for Sunset Boulevard (1950) and A Place in the Sun (1951).
- Alfred Newman won for With a Song in My Heart (1952) and Call Me Madam (1953). He won again two years in a row for Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955) and The King and I (1956).
- Adolph Deutsch won for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Oklahoma! (1955).
- André Previn won for Gigi (1958) and Porgy and Bess (1959). He won again two years in a row for Irma la Douce (1963) and My Fair Lady (1964).
- Leonard Rosenman won for Barry Lyndon (1975) and Bound for Glory (1976).
- Alan Menken won for Beauty and The Beast (1991) and Aladdin (1992).
- Gustavo Santaolalla won for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006).
Female nominees
As of 2025, only 11 women have been nominated in music score categories: Ann Ronell, Tylwyth Kymry, Angela Morley, Marilyn Bergman, Rachel Portman, Anne Dudley, Lynn Ahrens, Hildur Guðnadóttir, Germaine Franco, Laura Karpman, and Camille. Kymry, Bergman, and Ahrens were nominated for their contribution as lyricists.
Four women have won in the scoring categories. Three are composers: Rachel Portman, who won for Emma (1996); Anne Dudley, who won for The Full Monty (1997); and Hildur Guðnadóttir, who won for Joker (2019). The fourth is lyricist Marilyn Bergman, who won for Yentl (1983) in the Original Song Score category, sharing the award with co-lyricist Alan Bergman (her husband) and composer Michel Legrand. Hildur is the only woman to win the award under no qualifications; Bergman won for Best Song Score while Portman and Dudley won for Best Musical or Comedy Score.
The female composers nominated for multiple Scoring Oscars are Rachel Portman, who was nominated for Emma (1996) (for which she won for Best Musical or Comedy Score), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Chocolat (2000); and Angela Morley, who was nominated twice in the Original Song Score or Adaptation Score category for The Little Prince (1974) and The Slipper and the Rose (1976).
Notable nominees
Dmitri Shostakovich and Duke Ellington were both nominated the same year but lost to the arrangers of West Side Story.
The scores of Midnight Express by Giorgio Moroder in 1979, Slumdog Millionaire by A.R. Rahman in 2009, and The Social Network by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross in 2011 are the only scores with electronic-based music ever to win the award. In addition, the electronic-based scores of Witness by Maurice Jarre in 1986, Rain Man by Hans Zimmer in 1989, and Her by William Butler, and Owen Pallett in 2014 have also been nominated.
Noted nominated composers known for their music mostly outside the film world include: Aaron Copland, Kurt Weill, Gian Carlo Menotti, Philip Glass, John Corigliano, Peter Maxwell Davies, Randy Newman, Richard Rodney Bennett, Stephen Schwartz, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Artie Shaw, Trent Reznor, Quincy Jones, Herbie Hancock, Jon Batiste, and Jonny Greenwood.
Rock musicians and pop stars are most often nominated in the songwriting category. These popular performers were nominated in the Scoring categories: The Beatles, Prince, Pete Townshend, Rod McKuen, Isaac Hayes, Kris Kristofferson, Quincy Jones, Randy Newman, Anthony Newley, Paul Williams, Tom Waits, David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Trent Reznor, and Matthew Wilder.
Record producers George Martin (The Beatles) and Jerry Wexler (Atlantic Records) also received nominations in the Scoring categories.
Multiple nominations
The following is a list of composers nominated more than once and winning at least one Academy Award (in this category). This list is sorted by number of awards, with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.
- 9: Alfred Newman (43)
- 5: John Williams (49)[k]
- 4: Johnny Green (12)
- 4: André Previn (11)
- 4: John Barry (6)
- 4: Alan Menken (5)
- 3: Max Steiner (24)
- 3: Ray Heindorf (17)
- 3: Morris Stoloff (17)
- 3: Miklós Rózsa (16)
- 3: Dimitri Tiomkin (14)
- 3: Maurice Jarre (8)
- 3: Ken Darby (6)
- 3: Roger Edens (6)
- 3: Saul Chaplin (5)
- 3: Adolph Deutsch (5)
- 3: Ludwig Göransson (3)
- 2: Hans Zimmer (12)
- 2: Alexandre Desplat (11)
- 2: Franz Waxman (11)
- 2: Henry Mancini (7)
- 2: Lennie Hayton (6)
- 2: Michel Legrand (6)
- 2: Irwin Kostal (5)
- 2: Marvin Hamlisch (4)
- 2: Leonard Rosenman (4)
- 2: Ralph Burns (3)
- 2: Trent Reznor (3)
- 2: Atticus Ross (3)
- 2: Howard Shore (3)
- 2: Gustavo Santaolalla (2)
- 1: Jerry Goldsmith (17)
- 1: Victor Young (17)
- 1: Herbert Stothart (11)
- 1: Elmer Bernstein (10)
- 1: Hugo Friedhofer (9)
- 1: Lionel Newman (9)
- 1: Georgie Stoll (9)
- 1: James Horner (8)
- 1: Leigh Harline (7)
- 1: Charles Previn (7)
- 1: Paul Smith (7)
- 1: Dave Grusin (6)
- 1: Ennio Morricone (6) Also received an Academy Honorary Award.
- 1: Leslie Bricusse (5)
- 1: Georges Delerue (5)
- 1: Richard Hageman (5)
- 1: Bernard Herrmann (5)
- 1: Nelson Riddle (5)
- 1: Oliver Wallace (5)
- 1: Aaron Copland (4)
- 1: Leo F. Forbstein (4)
- 1: Ernest Gold (4)
- 1: Stephen Schwartz (4)
- 1: Richard M. Sherman (4)
- 1: Robert B. Sherman (4)
- 1: Louis Silvers (4)
- 1: Volker Bertelmann (3)
- 1: Frank Churchill (3)
- 1: Elliot Goldenthal (3)
- 1: Erich Korngold (3)
- 1: Bronisław Kaper (3)
- 1: Dario Marianelli (3)
- 1: Rachel Portman (3)
- 1: Harry Sukman (3)
- 1: Gabriel Yared (3)
- 1: John Addison (2)
- 1: Luis Bacalov (2)
- 1: Robert Russell Bennett (2)
- 1: Jay Blackton (2)
- 1: John Corigliano (2)
- 1: Michael Giacchino (2)
- 1: Michael Gore (2)
- 1: W. Franke Harling (2)
- 1: Justin Hurwitz (2)
- 1: A.R. Rahman (2)
- 1: Heinz Roemheld (2)
- 1: Nino Rota (2)
- 1: Leo Shuken (2)
The following composers have been nominated for a Best Original Score Oscar more than once but have yet to garner one. The number of nominations is listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.
Deceased
- Alex North (14) Received an Academy Honorary Award.
- Walter Scharf (9)
- Roy Webb (7)
- Werner Janssen (6)
- George Duning (5)
- Lalo Schifrin (5) Received an Academy Honorary Award.
- Edward Ward (5)
- Constantin Bakaleinikoff (4)
- Edward H. Plumb (4)
- Frank Skinner (4)
- Frank De Vol (4)
- Richard Rodney Bennett (3)
- George Bruns (3)
- Louis Gruenberg (3)
- Marvin Hatley (3)
- Quincy Jones (3) Has won the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, a special Academy Award.
- Ernst Toch (3)
- Charles Wolcott (3)
- Daniele Amfitheatrof (2)
- Nat W. Finston (2)
- Frederick Hollander (2)
- Jóhann Jóhannsson (2)
- Jack Nitzsche (2) Has won 1 Oscar Award for Original Song.
- Richard Robbins (2)
- Victor Schertzinger (2)
- Meredith Willson (2)
Living
- Thomas Newman (14)
- Randy Newman (9) Has won 2 Oscar Awards for Original Song.
- James Newton Howard (7)
- Danny Elfman (4)
- George Fenton (4)
- Alberto Iglesias (4)
- Marc Shaiman (4)
- Philip Glass (3)
- Nicholas Britell (3)
- Carter Burwell (3)
- Jonny Greenwood (3)
- Marco Beltrami (2)
- Terence Blanchard (2)
- Patrick Doyle (2)
- David Hirschfelder (2)
- John Powell (2)
See also
- Academy Award for Best Original Song
- BAFTA Award for Best Original Music
- Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Score
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score
- Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition
- Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance
- Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media
- Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media
- Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella
- Saturn Award for Best Music
- List of Academy Award–nominated films
Notes
- ↑From 1934 until 1937, nominated films were represented by the head of the film studio's music department rather than the composer. Each film's actual composer(s) are listed in parentheses.
- ↑Captain Blood was not officially nominated for this award, but appears in Academy records because it placed third in voting as a write-in candidate in 1935.
- ↑From 1937 until 1945, film studios could submit one eligible film of their choosing, guaranteeing it a nomination.
- ↑Blacklisted composer Larry Adler's name was removed from American prints of the British-made Genevieve. The film's arranger and orchestrator Muir Mathieson was credited instead and received an Oscar nomination. In 1986, the Academy's Board of Governors removed Mathieson's name from the nomination and gave it to Adler.
- ↑In 1957, dramatic and comedy films competed with musicals in a combined category called Music – Scoring. Fifteen scores were shortlisted with ten from dramatic and comedy films and five from musicals. Voting resulted in no musical nominees.
- ↑Limelight was originally released in 1952, but had never screened theatrically in Los Angeles until 1972, at which point it became eligible for Oscar consideration.
- ↑Nino Rota was nominated for The Godfather in 1972, but the nomination was revoked after it was discovered Rota had reused music from the 1958 Italian film Fortunella. The Academy's entire music branch revoted for a fifth nominee. They could either renominate Rota for The Godfather or select one of the five other shortlisted scores: Ben by Walter Scharf, Fellini's Roma by Rota, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean by Maurice Jarre, The Other by Jerry Goldsmith, or Sleuth by John Addison. Sleuth received the most votes and became the fifth nominee.
- ↑From 1995 until 1998, Best Original Score was split into Original Dramatic Score and Original Musical or Comedy Score. For musicals and comedies, songwriters and lyricists along with orchestral underscore composers were eligible for nomination.
- ↑Lisa Gerrard and Klaus Badelt also received screen credit for the Gladiator score, but only Zimmer was deemed eligible for the nomination.
- ↑The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was exceptionally extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ↑Also received 5 nominations for Best Original Song, which brings his total to 54 – the most nominated person in all of the music categories combined, and the most nominated living individual in any Oscars category
References
- ↑"Rule Sixteen: Special Rules for the Best Picture of the Year Award | Rules for the 85th Academy Awards | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences". Oscars.org. 2012-08-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2014-05-15.
- ↑"94th Oscars Rules. Complete Rules. Rule Fifteen, Special Rules for the Music Awards"(PDF). Oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2021-06-30. p. 22. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2021-06-30.
- ↑Lochner, Jim (18 May 2010). "1934: The Year Oscar Scored". filmscoreclicktrack.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-24.
- ↑"1944". Oscars.org. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
- 12Elias, Justine (12 March 2000). "Oscar Films/The Rules – Squeezing Music Into Pigeonholes". The New York Times.
- ↑Hammond, Pete (April 28, 2020). "Oscars Keeping Show Date But Make Big News As Academy Lightens Eligibility Rules, Combines Sound Categories, Ends DVD Screeners and More". Deadline Hollywood.
- ↑"Award rules and campaign regulations approved for 94th Oscars". oscars.org. 30 June 2021.
- 12"Rules & Eligibility". Oscars.org - Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 28 July 2014.
- ↑"The Official Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ↑"1957 Academy Award Voting Rules". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 1957. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ↑"Vote Settles Oscar Tunes". Billboard. March 17, 1973. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
- ↑"Academy Awards 2017: Complete list of Oscar winners and nominees". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ↑"97th Academy Awards of Merit"(PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 9 November 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ↑"Acad Screening Preliminary Picks in Oscar Derby". The Hollywood Reporter. January 10, 1966. ProQuest 3307455184. Retrieved June 10, 2026.
- ↑"Sizing Up This Spring's Oscarcade". Los Angeles Times. January 22, 1969. ProQuest 962941007. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
- ↑"Sizing Up This Spring's Oscarcade". Los Angeles Times. January 22, 1969. ProQuest 962941007. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
- ↑"Preliminary Selections in Eight Oscar Races". Los Angeles Times. January 15, 1970. ProQuest 156340844. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
- ↑"First Screenings in Oscar Races". Los Angeles Times. January 11, 1971. ProQuest 156692669. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
- ↑Miller, Alice (January 16, 1972). "Preliminaries Start in Oscar Screenings". Abilene Reporter News. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
- ↑"Oscar Contenders Set for Screening". The Hollywood Reporter. January 5, 1973. ProQuest 2920199679. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
- ↑"5 Branches List Choices for Oscar Nominations". Los Angeles Times. January 14, 1974. ProQuest 2931982095. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑"Screenings Open Oscar Bids". The Hollywood Reporter. January 10, 1975. ProQuest 2931982095. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑Bettencourt, Scott (July 17, 2002). "The Oscar Finalists, Part Two". Film Score Monthly. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑Bettencourt, Scott (July 31, 2002). "The Oscar Finalists Part Three: Adaptation". Film Score Monthly. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑"Early Selections for Oscars Noted". Los Angeles Times. January 8, 1977. ProQuest 158174773. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑"Films Eligible for Technical Oscars". Los Angeles Times. January 6, 1978. ProQuest 158545635. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑Champlin, Charles (January 6, 1979). "'Grease' Tops Oscar Hopefuls". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 158821566. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
- ↑Champlin, Charles (January 5, 1980). "Oscar Prunes the Candidates". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 162681439. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
- ↑"91st Oscar Shortlists". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 22 January 2019. Retrieved Nov 9, 2024.
- ↑"92nd Oscar Shortlists". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 7 January 2020. Retrieved Nov 9, 2024.
- ↑"93rd Oscar Shortlists". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 9 February 2021. Retrieved Nov 9, 2024.
- ↑"94th Oscar Shortlists". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 27 January 2022. Retrieved Nov 9, 2024.
- ↑"95th Oscar Shortlists". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 21 December 2022. Retrieved Nov 9, 2024.
- ↑ "Listas de preseleccionados para la 96.ª edición de los Premios Oscar" . Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas . 21 de diciembre de 2023. Consultado el 9 de noviembre de 2024 .
- ↑ Davis, Clayton (17 de diciembre de 2024). "Se anuncia la lista de finalistas de los Oscar en 10 categorías: 'Emilia Pérez' y 'Wicked' lideran la lista; 'Dune 2' y 'Gladiator 2' obtienen buenos resultados"." . Variety . Consultado el 18 de diciembre de 2024 .
- ↑ Davis, Clayton (16 de diciembre de 2025). "Se anuncian las listas de finalistas de los Oscar en 12 categorías: 'Sinners' y 'Wicked: For Good' lideran, 'Sirât' tiene una fuerte presencia" . Variety . Consultado el 16 de diciembre de 2025 .
Enlaces externos
- Oscars.org (sitio web oficial de la Academia)
- Base de datos de los Premios de la Academia (sitio oficial)
- Oscar.com (sitio web oficial de promoción de la ceremonia)
- 1935 establecimientos en los Estados Unidos
- Premios establecidos en 1935.
- Premios de la Academia
- Ganadores del premio Óscar a la Mejor Banda Sonora Original
- Premios cinematográficos a la mejor banda sonora