La ciudad de Nueva York es la ciudad más poblada de los Estados Unidos, con una población metropolitana de más de 20 millones a partir de 2026. Su horizonte es uno de los más grandes del mundo , y el más grande de los Estados Unidos, de América del Norte y del hemisferio occidental . Durante la mayor parte del siglo XX, el horizonte de la ciudad de Nueva York fue, con diferencia, el más grande del mundo. La ciudad de Nueva York alberga más de 7000 edificios de gran altura terminados de al menos 115 pies (35 m) , [ 5 ] de los cuales al menos 106 son más altos que 650 pies (198 m) . El edificio más alto de Nueva York es el One World Trade Center , que se eleva 1776 pies (541 m) . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] El rascacielos de 104 pisos [ B ] también es el edificio más alto de los Estados Unidos , el edificio más alto del hemisferio occidental y el séptimo edificio más alto del mundo . [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
La ciudad alberga muchos de los primeros rascacielos , que comenzaron a aparecer hacia finales del siglo XIX. Un importante auge de la construcción en la década de 1920 vio la finalización de algunos de los rascacielos más altos del mundo en ese momento, incluidos el Edificio Chrysler en 1930 y el Empire State Building en 1931 en Midtown Manhattan . Con 1250 pies (381 m) y 102 pisos, el Empire State Building se mantuvo como el edificio más alto del mundo durante casi cuatro décadas; sigue siendo uno de los rascacielos más reconocibles de la ciudad en la actualidad. [ 9 ] Después de una pausa en el desarrollo de rascacielos durante las décadas de 1930 a 1950, la construcción regresó de manera constante. El Empire State Building fue destronado como el edificio más alto del mundo en 1970, cuando la Torre Norte de 1368 pies (417 m) del World Trade Center original lo superó. [ 10 ] La Torre Norte, junto con su gemela la Torre Sur , ostentó este título solo brevemente, ya que ambas fueron superadas por la Torre Willis (entonces Torre Sears) en Chicago en 1973. Las Torres Gemelas siguieron siendo los edificios más altos de la ciudad de Nueva York hasta que fueron destruidas en los ataques del 11 de septiembre de 2001. [ 11 ] [ 12 ]
A partir de mediados de la década de 2000, la ciudad de Nueva York experimentaría un auge de rascacielos sin precedentes. El nuevo One World Trade Center, parte de la remodelación del World Trade Center , comenzó a construirse en 2006 y se completó en 2014. Superó al Empire State Building como el más alto de la ciudad y superó a la Willis Tower para convertirse en el edificio más alto de los Estados Unidos . [ 7 ] [ 13 ] En Midtown Manhattan, un auge residencial de lujo llevó a la finalización de Central Park Tower , el segundo edificio más alto de la ciudad con 1550 pies (472 m) , con el techo más alto de cualquier edificio fuera de Asia; 111 West 57th Street , el tercer edificio más alto de la ciudad y el rascacielos más esbelto del mundo con 1428 pies (435 m) , y 432 Park Avenue , el quinto edificio más alto de la ciudad con 1397 pies (426 m) . El rascacielos de oficinas más alto de Midtown, One Vanderbilt , es el cuarto edificio más alto de la ciudad con 427 metros (1401 pies ) . El segundo más alto, 270 Park Avenue , se inauguró en 2025 como sede de JPMorgan Chase . La remodelación de Hudson Yards añadió más de quince rascacielos al West Side de Manhattan .
La mayoría de los rascacielos en la ciudad de Nueva York se concentran en sus dos distritos comerciales principales, Midtown Manhattan y Lower Manhattan , siendo Midtown el que tiene más rascacielos, incluyendo 15 de los 18 rascacielos superaltos de la ciudad cuando se incluye Hudson Yards. La ciudad de Nueva York tiene la tercera mayor cantidad de rascacielos superaltos del mundo. Otros barrios de Manhattan y los distritos de Brooklyn , Queens y el Bronx también albergan una cantidad sustancial de rascacielos. Una idea errónea popular sostiene que la relativa falta de rascacielos entre Lower y Midtown Manhattan se debe a la profundidad del lecho rocoso debajo de las dos áreas. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Desde la década de 2010, se ha construido un número creciente de rascacielos en Downtown Brooklyn y Long Island City , así como a lo largo del East River en Brooklyn y Queens.
Historia
Los primeros rascacielos

La historia de los rascacielos en la ciudad de Nueva York comenzó con la construcción de los edificios Equitable Life , Western Union y Tribune a principios de la década de 1870. Estos rascacielos relativamente bajos , a veces denominados "pre-rascacielos" o "proto-rascacielos", presentaban estructuras de acero y ascensores, innovaciones entonces nuevas que luego se adoptaron en los rascacielos de la ciudad. [ 16 ] : 62 La construcción moderna de rascacielos comenzó con la finalización del World Building en 1890; la estructura se elevó a una cúspide de 349 pies (106 m) . [ 17 ] Aunque no fue el primer rascacielos de la ciudad , fue el primer edificio en superar la aguja de 284 pies (87 m) de la Iglesia de la Trinidad . [ 18 ] El New York World Building , que se mantuvo como el más alto de la ciudad hasta 1899, [ C ] fue demolido en 1955 para permitir la construcción de una entrada ampliada al Puente de Brooklyn . [ 19 ] El edificio Park Row , con 391 pies (119 m) , fue el edificio más alto de la ciudad desde 1899 hasta 1908, [ 20 ] y el edificio de oficinas más alto del mundo durante el mismo período. [ 21 ] Para 1900, quince rascacielos en la ciudad de Nueva York superaban los 250 pies (76 m) de altura. [ 16 ] : 280
Nueva York ha jugado un papel destacado en el desarrollo del rascacielos. Desde 1890, diez de los construidos en la ciudad han ostentado el título de los más altos del mundo. [ 22 ] [ D ] La ciudad de Nueva York pasó por un auge muy temprano de construcción de rascacielos desde la década de 1890 hasta la de 1910. [ 23 ] Los rascacielos notables completados durante el primer auge incluyen el Edificio Singer , que fue brevemente el edificio más alto del mundo con 612 pies (187 m) cuando se completó en 1908; [ 24 ] fue el primer rascacielos en Nueva York en superar los 492 pies (150 m) de altura. [ 25 ] Fue superado en 1909 por la Torre MetLife de 700 pies (213 m) , [ 26 ] el primer rascacielos en alcanzar los 492 pies (150 m) que todavía se mantiene en pie en la ciudad de Nueva York. [ 25 ] La siguiente estructura en ostentar el récord como el edificio más alto del mundo se completó en 1913: el edificio Woolworth de 792 pies (241 m) . [ 27 ]
Después de una pausa en la construcción de rascacielos a mediados de la década de 1910, se produjo un segundo auge desde mediados de la década de 1920 hasta principios de la década de 1930. [ 23 ] Los rascacielos alcanzaron mayores alturas en el Bajo Manhattan y especialmente en Midtown Manhattan. Este período vio la finalización de 40 Wall Street , el Edificio Chrysler y el Edificio Empire State, impulsados por el aumento de la demanda comercial y el desarrollo económico durante los locos años veinte y por el deseo de los promotores de superarse unos a otros en altura. [ 28 ] El Edificio Chrysler se completó en 1930, un año después del inicio de la Gran Depresión ; con una altura de 1049 pies (320 m) , se convirtió en el primer rascacielos superalto del mundo . El Edificio Empire State se completó un año después. En total, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, se construyeron 44 rascacielos de más de 492 pies (150 m) . [ 29 ] Muchos de los edificios durante el segundo auge se construyeron en estilo Art Déco . [ 30 ] : 7
Décadas de 1930 a 1950

Después de principios de la década de 1930, la construcción de rascacielos se detuvo durante más de 20 años debido a las presiones económicas durante la Gran Depresión y la Segunda Guerra Mundial . Muchos rascacielos de oficinas en Midtown Manhattan tenían grandes cantidades de espacio vacío años después de su finalización. [ 31 ] Una notable excepción a la pausa fue el edificio modernista temprano 75 Rockefeller Plaza , construido como una extensión norte del Rockefeller Center en 1947. [ 32 ] Gradualmente, el desarrollo de rascacielos se reanudó en la década de 1950. [ 33 ] : 47, 50
Muchos rascacielos nuevos prescindieron del Art Déco de principios del siglo XX y se construyeron siguiendo el estilo internacional modernista . Este estilo enfatizó la función sobre la forma, a menudo con menos o ningún retranqueo y muros cortina de vidrio . [ 33 ] : 47, 50 Los más destacados fueron el Edificio Seagram y el Edificio de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas , este último alberga las oficinas de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas , ya que la ciudad de Nueva York fue elegida como sede de las Naciones Unidas recién formadas después de la guerra. Otros rascacielos notables construidos durante la época incluyen el Edificio Socony-Mobil , 660 Fifth Avenue , 1065 Avenue of the Americas y 2 Broadway .
Décadas de 1960 a 1980

La Resolución de Zonificación de 1961 incentivó la construcción de más rascacielos de oficinas en Manhattan. [ 34 ] Entre los edificios notables que se levantaron en la década de 1960 se encuentran el edificio octogonal MetLife [ 35 ] y el edificio General Motors . [ 36 ] Algunos de los primeros rascacielos, como el edificio Singer y el edificio City Investing , fueron demolidos para dar paso a nuevos desarrollos.
En 1966, comenzó la construcción del complejo del World Trade Center , que incluía rascacielos gemelos de 417 m (1368 pies) y 415,1 m (1362 pies ) de altura. Conocidas como las Torres Gemelas, transformaron el horizonte del Bajo Manhattan cuando se terminaron en 1970 y, con el tiempo, se convirtieron en un símbolo icónico de la ciudad de Nueva York. [ 37 ] En la década de 1970 , Midtown Manhattan vio rascacielos cada vez más altos, como el Citigroup Center y One Penn Plaza ; durante esta década, la ciudad superó los 100 rascacielos de más de 150 m (492 pies ) de altura. Otro auge de la construcción a finales de la década de 1980 adoptó cada vez más diseños posmodernos , como CitySpire y 1 Worldwide Plaza .
Década de 1990 hasta la actualidad

Tras principios de la década de 1990, el desarrollo de rascacielos se ralentizó una vez más, siendo el 4 Times Square el rascacielos más significativo construido durante este periodo . En la década de 2000 se reanudó la construcción de rascacielos de oficinas, junto con un número creciente de rascacielos residenciales. La Torre Bank of America y el Edificio del New York Times se convirtieron en los primeros rascacielos de gran altura construidos en la ciudad desde las Torres Gemelas originales. A mediados de la década de 2010 se produjo un auge masivo en la construcción, con edificios de oficinas y residenciales que alcanzaron nuevas alturas. Si bien la ciudad de Nueva York contaba con solo dos rascacielos de gran altura en 2010, esa cifra aumentó a 18 para 2025.
Reconstrucción del WTC
En 2001, los ataques del 11 de septiembre llevaron al colapso de las Torres Gemelas, [ 38 ] los edificios más altos que jamás hayan sido destruidos. [ 39 ] Pronto se propusieron planes para reconstruir el sitio, y un diseño para un nuevo complejo del World Trade Center fue aprobado en 2004. [ 40 ] La pieza central de la reconstrucción, One World Trade Center , se completó en 2014 a una altura de 1776 pies (541,3 m), [ 41 ] una referencia simbólica al año de la firma de la Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos . [ 42 ] Al alcanzar su altura máxima, el edificio se convirtió en el edificio más alto de la ciudad y de los Estados Unidos. [ 42 ] También forman parte del complejo el 3 World Trade Center , un rascacielos de 1079 pies (329 m) terminado en 2018, [ 43 ] y el 4 World Trade Center , un rascacielos de 978 pies (298 m) terminado en 2013. [ 44 ] El sitio para un superalto propuesto en el 2 World Trade Center se ha retrasado repetidamente, y se han encargado tres diseños hasta 2025: dos de Norman Foster y uno de Bjarke Ingels de Bjarke Ingels Group . [ 45 ]
Auge de los rascacielos y Hudson Yards


Un auge en el desarrollo de rascacielos residenciales súper altos comenzó con One57 , desarrollado a principios de la década de 2010, [ 46 ] : xvv [ 47 ] y 432 Park Avenue , que superó la altura del Empire State Building para convertirse en el edificio más alto de Midtown Manhattan en 2015. [ 48 ] Esta tendencia culminó con la finalización de 111 West 57th Street y Central Park Tower a principios de la década de 2020, ambos superando los 1400 pies (427 m) de altura. [ 46 ] : xvvi Estos edificios están dirigidos principalmente al mercado de lujo; su prevalencia cerca del lado sur de Central Park ha hecho que el área a su alrededor sea llamada " Milla de los Multimillonarios ". [ 49 ]
Dos rascacielos comerciales de gran altura, ambos superiores a los 396 metros (1300 pies ) , alcanzaron su altura máxima en la década de 2020: One Vanderbilt , que forma un nuevo pico en el horizonte alrededor de la Grand Central Terminal ; y 270 Park Avenue , que sirve como la nueva sede de JPMorgan Chase . El horizonte occidental de Midtown Manhattan también se transformó enormemente con el desarrollo de Hudson Yards . Construida en el lado este de West Side Yard , la Fase I del desarrollo comenzó su construcción en 2012 y se completó en 2019. Dentro del desarrollo se encuentran tres rascacielos de gran altura: 35 Hudson Yards , 30 Hudson Yards y The Spiral , junto con otros rascacielos. Además, One Manhattan West , otro rascacielos de gran altura ubicado cerca de Hudson Yards, se completó en 2019. La Fase II de Hudson Yards está en planificación y podría incluir más edificios de gran altura y un casino. [ 50 ]
También llegaron rascacielos residenciales más altos a las zonas del Upper East Side y el Upper West Side de Manhattan. [ 51 ] 520 Park Avenue se convirtió en el edificio más alto del Upper East Side en 2018, [ 52 ] mientras que 200 Amsterdam se convirtió en el más alto del Upper West Side en 2021; [ 53 ] luego fue reemplazado por 50 West 66th Street , que se completó en 2025. [ 54 ]
Más allá de Manhattan

En el siglo XXI, los rascacielos se hicieron más comunes en los distritos fuera de Manhattan. Tras la finalización de la Torre del Banco de Ahorros de Williamsburg en Brooklyn en 1929, el edificio siguió siendo el más alto del distrito durante 80 años. Sin embargo, desde finales de la década de 2000, se ha construido un número creciente de rascacielos residenciales en el centro de Brooklyn , que desde entonces ha conformado un importante horizonte de rascacielos propio. [ 55 ] En 2025, Brooklyn albergaba 17 rascacielos de más de 150 m (492 pies ) de altura . El más alto, la Torre de Brooklyn , se completó en 2022 con 325 m (1066 pies) ; es el primer y único rascacielos superalto de la ciudad fuera de Manhattan. [ 56 ]
El barrio de Long Island City (LIC), en Queens , también desarrolló un horizonte durante la década de 2010. [ 57 ] One Court Square , un edificio de oficinas construido en 1990, fue el único rascacielos en Queens durante más de una década, hasta la adición de rascacielos residenciales a finales de la década de 2000; el distrito ahora tiene 14 rascacielos de más de 492 pies (150 m) de altura. El más alto, The Orchard , ha sido terminado en 2025. [ 58 ] También se han construido rascacielos residenciales en la ribera del East River en Brooklyn y Queens desde finales de la década de 2010, particularmente en los barrios de Williamsburg , Greenpoint y Hunters Point . A menor escala, los desarrollos de rascacielos se han vuelto más comunes en las áreas de Flushing , [ 59 ] Gowanus , [ 60 ] Jamaica , [ 61 ] y South Bronx . [ 62 ]
Aunque no se encuentra en la ciudad de Nueva York, el barrio de Exchange Place en Jersey City ha experimentado un auge similar en la construcción de edificios altos desde la década de 2000. [ 63 ] Más recientemente, en la década de 2020, el área de Journal Square también ha visto una afluencia de rascacielos. [ 64 ]
Paisaje urbano
Mapa de los edificios más altos
El mapa a continuación muestra la ubicación de todos los edificios de más de 198 metros (650 pies) de altura en la ciudad de Nueva York. Cada marcador está numerado según la altura del edificio y coloreado según la década de su finalización.

- Década de 1950 y anteriores
- década de 1960
- década de 1970
- década de 1980
- década de 1990
- década de 2000
- década de 2010
- década de 2020
Edificios más altos
Esta lista clasifica los rascacielos terminados y con la estructura al descubierto de la ciudad de Nueva York que miden al menos 198 metros (650 pies) de altura, según las medidas estándar. Esto incluye agujas y detalles arquitectónicos, pero no mástiles de antenas. El signo igual (=) después de una clasificación indica que dos o más edificios tienen la misma altura. La columna "Año" indica el año en que se terminó de construir cada edificio.
Tallest buildings by pinnacle height

This list ranks buildings in New York City by pinnacle height, including antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes non-architectural antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.
Tallest buildings in each borough
This lists the tallest building in each borough of New York City based on standard height measurement. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.
Tallest under construction or proposed
Under construction
This lists buildings currently under construction in New York City that are expected to reach a height of at least 650 feet (198 m). Buildings under construction that have already been topped out are included in the table above. The "year" column indicates the expected year of completion. A dash "–" indicates information about the building is unknown or not publicly available. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses a floor count of 50 stories as the cutoff.
On hold
This lists buildings in New York City that were previously under construction and expected to reach a height of 650 feet (198 m), but whose construction has since stopped.
Approved
This table lists buildings approved for construction in New York City that are expected to rise at least 650 feet (198 m) in height. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses 50 stories as the cutoff.
Proposed
This table lists buildings proposed for construction in New York City that are expected to rise at least 650 feet (198 m) in height. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses 50 stories as the cutoff.
Tallest destroyed or demolished
This table lists buildings in New York City that were destroyed or demolished and at one time stood at least 500 feet (152 m) in height.
Timeline of tallest buildings
This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in New York City. Both Trinity Church and the Empire State Building have held the title twice, the latter following the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks. The Empire State Building was surpassed by One World Trade Center in 2012.
Skylines
See also
- Architecture of New York City
- List of cities with the most skyscrapers
- List of tallest buildings
- List of tallest buildings in the United States
- List of tallest buildings in Albany, New York
- List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn
- List of tallest buildings in Buffalo, New York
- List of tallest buildings in Jersey City
- List of tallest buildings in New Jersey
- List of tallest buildings in Queens
- List of tallest buildings in Rochester, New York
- List of tallest buildings in Upstate New York
- List of tallest buildings on Long Island
Notes
- ↑Topped-out
- 1234The building is 104 standard floors tall, and most references supply this figure. However, only 94 actual, physically usable stories are present; see the skyscraper's main article for more details.
- ↑As measured to its tip (or pinnacle). Five other skyscrapers in Manhattan had already surpassed its 309-foot (94 m) architectural height by then, starting with the Manhattan Life Insurance Building in 1894. For more on the different criteria used see List of tallest buildings and structures#Tallest buildings
- ↑This considers only skyscrapers by architectural height. It was not until the completion of the Singer Building in 1908 that a skyscraper surpassed the spire of the tallest building constructed using conventional methods. Only the Chrysler and Empire State Buildings held the title of world's tallest overall structure, the latter of which maintained this title for more than two decades until surpassed by Oklahoma's Griffin Television Tower in 1954.
- ↑Floor counts often vary among sources; this list uses the number most widely reported in reference. Read the FAQ on the talk page for details.
- 123References typically use the 102 floors figure; however, some state a value of 103 floors instead due to the presence of an encircling balcony above the 102nd floor. See Empire State Building#Opening and early years and Empire State Building#Above the 102nd floor for a detailed explanation.
- ↑The highest floor is numbered 93.
- ↑The highest floor is numbered 88.
- ↑Prior to 1985, the pinnacle height was 1,472 feet (449 m). This was reduced to the current value when the original antenna was replaced by a shorter one.[298]
- ↑The floor count of the World Building has been disputed. Upon construction, the building was said to have up to 26 floors, but in recent years, it has been reported to have as few as 16.[403]
- ↑This building was constructed as the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, but is now more commonly known as 40 Wall Street and officially known as the Trump Building.
References
Citations
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- ↑"New York City - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
- 12"Cities by Number of 150m+ Buildings - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved June 12, 2025.
- ↑"New York City - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
- ↑"Buildings in New York City (existing)". Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- 123"One World Trade Center". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- 123Murray, Matt; Kim, Eun Kyung (May 10, 2013). "Cheers Erupt as Spire Tops One World Trade Center". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"CTBUH Affirms One World Trade Center Height". Global Tall News. CTBUH. November 12, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"13 Iconic Buildings to Visit in New York City | Britannica". www.britannica.com. June 13, 2025. Retrieved July 10, 2025.
- ↑"Center of the World Timeline". PBS. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- 12"One World Trade Center (Previous)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"World Trade Center tower surpasses Empire State". CBS News. April 30, 2012. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"One World Trade Center To Supplant Willis Tower As Nation's Tallest Building". CBS Chicago. April 30, 2012. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"Why Is There A Gap in the Manhattan Skyline? Don't Blame the Bedrock; It's Location, Location, Location!". www.newark.rutgers.edu. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
- ↑Cohen, Michelle (March 3, 2016). "The Bedrock Myth: The Evolution of the NYC Skyline Was More About Dollars Than Rocks | 6sqft". Retrieved July 29, 2025.
- 12Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.
- 12"New York World Building". Skyscraper Source Media. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"Trinity Church History". Trinity Church. TrinityWallStreet. March 26, 2016. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"New York World Building". Skyscraper Museum. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑Gray, Christopher (March 12, 2000). "Streetscapes/The Park Row Building, 15 Park Row; An 1899 'Monster' That Reigned High Over the City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- ↑"Historic Structures Report: Park Row Building"(PDF). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. November 16, 2005. p. 6.
- 12"World's Tallest Towers: Timeline of all Skyscrapers Holding the Title of Tallest Building in the World From 1890 to the Present". Skyscraper Museum. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- 12"New York: The Ultimate Skyscraper Laboratory"(PDF). CTBUH. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"As Ye Sew, So Shall They Reap"(PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 48. September 1967. p. 170.
- 12"New York City - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH. September 12, 2024. Retrieved October 18, 2025.
- ↑Gray, Christopher (May 26, 1996). "Streetscapes/Metropolitan Life at 1 Madison Avenue;For a Brief Moment, the Tallest Building in the World". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2025.
- ↑Gilbert, C.; Heilbrun, M.; Heilbrun, P.M.; New-York Historical Society; Hardy, H.; Gotbaum, B. (2000). Inventing the Skyline: The Architecture of Cass Gilbert. Columbia University Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-231-11872-9. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ↑Lewis, Scott (May 7, 2025). "The 'Race Into the Sky' That Built the Empire State Building". Engineering News-Record. Retrieved June 16, 2025.
- ↑"CTBUH Completed Buildings List". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑Robins, Anthony W. (2017). New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham's Jazz Age Architecture. Excelsior Editions. New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-6396-4. OCLC 953576510.
- ↑Waxman, Olivia B. (April 30, 2021). "The Empire State Building's History Offers Hope for Today". TIME. Retrieved June 16, 2025.
- ↑Dunlap, David W. (September 21, 1983). "ROCKEFELLER CENTER: A 'JEWEL' BUT IS ALL OF IT A LANDMARK?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2025.
- 12Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial (1960 ed.). New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 1-885254-02-4.
- ↑Kayden, Jerold S.; The New York City Department of City Planning; The Municipal Art Society of New York (2000). Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience. Wiley. p. 10. ISBN 978-0471362579. OCLC 43657162.
- ↑"Pan Am Building Dedicated in N.Y.; 100 Million Structure, 59 Stories Tall, City's Biggest Other Speakers at Event". The New York Times. March 8, 1963. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
- ↑Phillips, McCandlish (October 17, 1967). "Bold New Profile Joins City's East Side Skyline". The New York Times. p. 49. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ↑Wainwright, Oliver (May 20, 2015). "New York's twin towers – the 'filing cabinets' that became icons of America: a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 40". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 16, 2025.
- ↑Iovine, Julie V. (September 27, 2001). "Designers Look Beyond Debris". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑Bagli, Charles V. (February 21, 2018). "Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ↑Collins, Glenn (January 6, 2004). "Memorial to 9/11 Victims Is Selected". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
- ↑Barron, James (November 3, 2014). "1 World Trade Center, a Pillar of Resilience, Is Open for Business". The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2025.
- 12Pearson; Kiraly, Kristen (May 10, 2013). "Crews finish installing World Trade Center spire". CNN. Retrieved September 24, 2025.
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- ↑"Seven World Trade Center (Previous)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"7 World Trade Center". Skyscraper Source Media. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑"Deutsche Bank Building (Previous)". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ↑ "Edificio del Deutsche Bank" . Skyscraper Source Media. Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Recuperado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- ↑ "Historia de la congregación" . La Iglesia Protestante Reformada Holandesa (Colegiata) de la Ciudad de Nueva York. Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Recuperado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- 1 2 "Iglesia de la Trinidad" . Skyscraper Source Media. Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Recuperado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- ↑ Pollak, Michael (28 de agosto de 2005). "FYI: Over the Bounding Pond" . The New York Times . Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Recuperado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- ↑ "New York World Building" . Base de datos de arquitectura de la ciudad de Nueva York . Arquitectura de Nueva York. Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Consultado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- ↑ "Edificio de Seguros de Vida de Manhattan" . El Centro de Rascacielos . CTBUH . Archivado del original el 12 de junio de 2020. Recuperado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
- ↑ "Edificio Park Row" . Fuente: Skyscraper Source Media. Archivado del original el 24 de noviembre de 2007. Consultado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
Fuentes
- "Ciudad de Nueva York: El centro de los rascacielos" . CTBUH . Consultado el 12 de junio de 2020 .
Enlaces externos
- Diagrama de rascacielos de la ciudad de Nueva York en SkyscraperPage.
- 100 años del horizonte de Nueva York en Favrify
- Rascacielos en la ciudad de Nueva York
- Listados de edificios y estructuras en la ciudad de Nueva York.
- Lista de los edificios más altos del estado de Nueva York.
- Listas de los edificios más altos de Estados Unidos por lugar poblado