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Bushismo

George W. Bush dirigiéndose a la nación desde el Salón Este , septiembre de 2008. Los bushismos son declaraciones, frases, pronunciaciones, malapropismos y errores semánticos o ...

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George W. Bush dirigiéndose a la nación desde el Salón Este , septiembre de 2008.

Los bushismos son declaraciones, frases, pronunciaciones, malapropismos y errores semánticos o lingüísticos poco convencionales que George W. Bush , el 43.º presidente de los Estados Unidos , cometió en sus discursos públicos . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Las características comunes de los bushismos incluyen malapropismos, spoonerismos , la creación de neologismos o palabras de truco y errores en la concordancia sujeto-verbo .

Discusión

El uso que Bush hace del idioma inglés en discursos formales y públicos ha dado lugar a varios libros que documentan sus declaraciones. El caricaturista Richard Thompson recopiló un poema titulado "Make the Pie Higher", compuesto enteramente de "bushismos" . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Diversas figuras públicas y humoristas, como el presentador de The Daily Show, Jon Stewart , y el caricaturista de Doonesbury , Garry Trudeau , han popularizado los "bushismos". [ 5 ]

El lingüista Mark Liberman, de Language Log, sugirió que Bush no es inusualmente propenso a cometer errores al hablar, afirmando: «Se puede hacer que cualquier figura pública parezca un tonto si se graba todo lo que dice y se pone a cientos de observadores hostiles a examinar las transcripciones en busca de disfluencias, malapropismos, errores de formación de palabras y ejemplos de pronunciación o uso no estándar ... ¿Quién de nosotros podría soportar un nivel similar de escrutinio lingüístico?». [ 6 ] En 2010, Philip Hensher calificó la aparente creación por parte de Bush del término «subestimado» como una de sus «adiciones más memorables al idioma, y ​​además, muy expresiva: puede que necesitáramos una palabra para "subestimar por error"». [ 7 ]

Keith Hennessey, profesor de la Universidad de Stanford y exasesor de Bush, también ha argumentado que la cantidad de deslices verbales de Bush no es inusual dado el considerable tiempo que ha hablado en público, y que los deslices de su sucesor, Barack Obama , no fueron tan analizados. En opinión de Hennessey, Bush "orientó intencionadamente su imagen pública hacia los estadounidenses promedio en lugar de hacia las élites de Cambridge o del Upper East Side ". [ 8 ]

British journalist Christopher Hitchens published an essay in The Nation in 2000 titled "Why Dubya Can't Read", writing:

I used to have the job of tutoring a dyslexic child, and I know something about the symptoms. So I kicked myself hard when I read the profile of Governor George W. Bush, by my friend and colleague Gail Sheehy, in this month's Vanity Fair. All those jokes and cartoons and websites about his gaffes, bungles and malapropisms? We've been unknowingly teasing the afflicted. The poor guy is obviously dyslexic, and dyslexic to the point of near-illiteracy. [...]

I know from my teaching experience that nature very often compensates the dyslexic with a higher IQ or some grant of intuitive intelligence. If this is true for Bush it hasn't yet become obvious.[9]

Bush's statements were also notorious for their ability to state the opposite of what he intended, including his remarks on the estate tax: "I'm not sure 80% of people get the death tax. I know this: 100% will get it if I'm the president." These incidents have been described as or likened to Freudian slips.[10]

In 2001, Bush poked fun at himself at the annual Radio & Television Correspondents Dinner (now the White House Correspondents Dinner), delivering a monologue reacting and responding to his Bushisms.[11]

In 2008, Bush was given a satirical lifetime achievement Foot in Mouth Award for "services to gobbledygook" in reference to his various gaffes.[12][13]

The term Bushism has become part of popular folklore and is the basis of a number of websites and published books. It is often used to caricature Bush.

Examples

General

  • "I think we agree, the past is over."[14][15] – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 10, 2000; to his former primary election rival John McCain
  • "We can have filters on Internets where public money is spent." –during his third Presidential debate with Al Gore, October 17, 2000[16]
  • "They misunderestimated me." –Bentonville, Arkansas, November 6, 2000.[17]
  • "Sé que el ser humano y los peces pueden coexistir pacíficamente." – Saginaw, Michigan , 29 de septiembre de 2000; mientras expresaba su oposición a la eliminación de represas para proteger especies de peces en peligro de extinción [ 18 ] 
  • "En las familias es donde nuestra nación encuentra esperanza, donde las alas llevan los sueños." La Crosse, Wisconsin , 18 de octubre de 2000 [ 19 ]
  • "Hay un viejo dicho en Tennessee —sé que también existe en Texas, probablemente en Tennessee— que dice: ' Si me engañas una vez, la culpa es tuya. Si me engañas otra vez, no te volverán a engañar'". [ 20 ] – durante su participación en Pledge Across America en Nashville, Tennessee , el 17 de septiembre de 2002. 
  • "Demasiados buenos médicos están abandonando la profesión. Demasiados obstetras-ginecólogos no pueden ejercer su vocación con las mujeres de todo el país." [ 21 ] – Poplar Bluff, Missouri , 6 de septiembre de 2004 
  • «Voy a poner a la gente en su sitio, para que cuando se escriba la historia de esta administración, al menos haya una voz autoritaria que diga exactamente lo que pasó». – mientras anunciaba que escribiría un libro sobre «las 12 decisiones más difíciles» que tuvo que tomar. [ 22 ]
  • "Verás, en mi trabajo hay que repetir las cosas una y otra vez para que la verdad cale hondo, para impulsar la propaganda ." [ 23 ] [ 24 ]
  • «Ya me habré ido antes de que alguna persona inteligente descubra lo que sucedió dentro de este Despacho Oval ». – Washington, D.C., 12 de mayo de 2008; en una entrevista con The Jerusalem Post . [ 2 ] [ 25 ]
  • « La soberanía tribal significa que: es soberana. Es... eres una... eres una... se te ha otorgado soberanía y se te considera... una entidad soberana. Y, por lo tanto, la relación entre el gobierno federal y... las tribus es entre entidades soberanas». – 6 de agosto de 2004, en respuesta a una pregunta de Mark Trahant del Seattle Post Intelligencer durante una conferencia de prensa en la Casa Blanca. [ 26 ]

Asuntos exteriores

  • "I'm the commander, see. I don't need to explain—I do not need to explain why I say things. That's the interesting thing about being the President. Maybe somebody needs to explain to me why they say something, but I don't feel like I owe anybody an explanation."[27]
  • "I was proud the other day when both Republicans and Democrats stood with me in the Rose Garden to announce their support for a clear statement of purpose: you [Saddam Hussein] disarm, or we will." – Manchester, New Hampshire, October 5, 2002.[28]
  • "Yesterday, you made note of my—the lack of my talent when it came to dancing. But nevertheless, I want you to know I danced with joy. And no question Liberia has gone through very difficult times." – Washington, D.C., October 22, 2008; to President of LiberiaEllen Johnson Sirleaf.[29]
  • "This is still a dangerous world. It's a world of madmen and uncertainty and potential mental losses." – Charleston, South Carolina, January 2000.[30] According to the Financial Times, the phrase "mental losses" seemed to be a malapropism of "missile launches".[30]
  • "Our enemies are innovative and resourceful, and so are we. They never stop thinking about new ways to harm our country and our people, and neither do we." – Washington, D.C., August 5, 2004.[23][31]
  • "I'm telling you there's an enemy that would like to attack America, Americans, again. There just is. That's the reality of the world. And I wish him all the very best." – Washington, D.C., January 12, 2009.[32]
  • "Well, I mean that a defeat in Iraq will embolden the enemy and will provide the enemy—more opportunity to train, plan, to attack us. That's what I mean. There—it's—you know, one of the hardest parts of my job is to connect Iraq to the war on terror."[33]
  • "I just want you to know that, when we talk about war, we're really talking about peace."[34]
  • "We must stop the terror. I call upon all nations, to do everything they can, to stop these terrorist killers. Thank you. Now watch this drive." – To reporters while playing golf.[35]
  • "The decision of one man [Vladimir Putin], to launch a wholly unjustified and brutal invasion of Iraq. I mean, of Ukraine. Iraq too. Anyway...[I'm] 75." – In an address to the George W. Bush Institute, May 18, 2022.[36][37]
  • "When you think about it, in the first month of the new year there will be an election in the Palestinian territory and there will be an election in Iraq. Who could have possibly envisioned an erection— an election in Iraq?"[38][39]

Economics

Education

See also

References

  1. ↑Bines, Jonathan (May 1992). Bushisms: President George Herbert Walker Bush in His Own Words. Workman Pub Co. ISBN 978-1-56305-318-4.
  2. 12"The 'misunderestimated' president?". BBC. January 7, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009. The word "Bushism" has been coined to label his occasional verbal lapses during eight years in office, which come to an end on 20 January.
  3. ↑"The Comics Reporter". comicsreporter.com.
  4. 12"Make the Pie Higher!". Snopes.com. 2002. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
  5. ↑Trudeau, Garry (w, a). [Doonesbury].April 16, 2006,Universal Press Syndicate.
  6. ↑Mark Liberman, "You say Nevada, I say Nevahda". January 3, 2004.
  7. ↑Hensher, Philip (July 21, 2010). "Sarah Palin's struggle with English language". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
  8. ↑"George W. Bush Is Smarter than You | RealClearPolitics". www.realclearpolitics.com. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  9. ↑Hitchens, Christopher (September 24, 2000). "Why Dubya Can't Read". The Nation. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2022. The poor guy is obviously dyslexic, and dyslexic to the point of near-illiteracy.
  10. ↑Hall Jamieson, Kathleen (2004). The Press Effect: Politicians, Journalists, and the Stories that Shape the Political World. Oxford University Press. p. 62.
  11. ↑"George W. Bush makes fun of his own grammar(Bushisms)". July 13, 2015 – via YouTube.
  12. ↑"Past winners". Plain English Campaign. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
  13. ↑Boyle, Christina (December 9, 2008). "President Bush's abuse of English language gets Foot in Mouth award". Daily News. New York: Daily News, L.P. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  14. ↑"Bushisms of the Week". Slate Magazine. May 11, 2000. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  15. ↑Jackson, David and Wayne Slater. (May 10, 2000). "Subdued McCain Endorses Bush". The Dallas Morning News.
  16. ↑"Transcript of the third Gore-Bush presidential debate". Commission on Presidential Debates. October 17, 2000. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  17. ↑"Top Ten Bushisms: The Miseducation of America". Time. January 11, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
  18. ↑"Top 10 Bushisms: Fish Are Friends". Time. January 11, 2009. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  19. ↑"Top 10 Bushisms - TIME". Time. January 11, 2009. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  20. ↑"Remarks by the President on Teaching American History and Civic Education". White House Archives. September 17, 2002. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  21. ↑"Top Ten Bushisms: The Love Doctor is In". Time. January 11, 2009. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
  22. ↑"Bush Speech In Canada Met With Protests". CBS News. 2009.
  23. 123see (item number "26.", of) Kelly, Martin (June 22, 2016). "The 40 Dumbest Bush Quotes of All Time". Dotdash.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  24. ↑ Weisberg, Jacob (25 de mayo de 2005). "El bushismo del día" . Slate .
  25. ↑ Kurtzman, Daniel. "Las 25 citas más tontas de 2008" . About.com. Archivado del original el 6 de abril de 2015. Recuperado el 11 de diciembre de 2014 .
  26. ↑ Clip de usuario: Arbusto de soberanía tribal - C-SPAN
  27. ↑ Bob Woodward (19 de noviembre de 2002). Bush en guerra . Simon & Schuster. págs. 145-146 . ISBN  978-0743204736.
  28. ↑ "Los Bushismos Completos" . Revista Slate . 20 de marzo de 2009. Archivado del original el 22 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 19 de agosto de 2012 .
  29. ↑ "Los Bushismos Completos" . Revista Slate . 20 de marzo de 2009. Archivado del original el 22 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2023 .
  30. 1 2 3 4 "¡Haz el pastel más alto!" . Snopes.com . 21 de julio de 2008.
  31. ↑ "Los 10 mejores bushismos" . Time . 11 de enero de 2009. Consultado el 11 de diciembre de 2014 .
  32. ↑ Weisberg, Jacob (20 de marzo de 2009). "The Complete Bushisms" . Slate . Archivado del original el 22 de julio de 2017. Recuperado el 19 de agosto de 2012 .
  33. ↑ Johnson, Caitlin (6 de septiembre de 2006). "Transcripción: Presidente Bush, Parte 2" . CBS News .
  34. ↑ "El presidente George W. Bush se dirige a los empleados del HUD con motivo del Mes Nacional de la Propiedad de Vivienda" . Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos. 18 de junio de 2002.
  35. ↑ Alan Isik, Arda (17 de noviembre de 2015). "¡Ahora miren este drive!" . Daily Sabah . Consultado el 13 de noviembre de 2020 .
  36. ↑ Williams, Michael (19 de mayo de 2022), "George W. Bush compara a Zelenskyy con Churchill y califica la invasión de Irak de injustificada en un desliz" , The Dallas Morning News (publicado el 18 de mayo de 2022) , consultado el 21 de mayo de 2022.
  37. ↑ Borger, Julian (19 de mayo de 2022). "George W. Bush admite accidentalmente que la guerra de Irak fue 'injustificada y brutal' en un desliz" . The Guardian . Consultado el 20 de mayo de 2022 .
  38. ↑NBC News Archives (January 10, 2005). "President George W. Bush And Political Bloopers". Getty Images.
  39. ↑"'Hope your doughnuts look like Fanny's' - Ten broadcasting bloopers that hit the headlines". Irish Independent. January 10, 2014.
  40. ↑"'Misunderestimate' tops list of notable 'Bushisms'". New York Daily News. January 8, 2009.
  41. ↑"W.'s Greatest Hits: The top 25 Bushisms of all time". slate.com. January 12, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  42. ↑""Childrens do learn," Bush tells school kids". Reuters. September 26, 2007. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2017.

Further reading

  • Frank, Justin A. (2004). Bush on the Couch: Inside the Mind of the President. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-073670-5.
  • Miller, Mark Crispin (2001). The Bush Dyslexicon: Observations on a National Disorder. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-04183-5.
  • Weisberg, Jacob. George W. Bushisms: The Accidental Wit and Wisdom of Our 43rd President. ISBN 978-0-7407-4456-3.
  • Bines, Jonathan; Sullivan, Andrew; Weisberg, Jacob (May 1992). Bushisms: President George Herbert Walker Bush in His Own Words. Workman Pub. ISBN 978-1-56305-318-4.