Articulo de referencia

Estilos arquitectónicos australianos no residenciales

Los estilos arquitectónicos australianos no residenciales son un conjunto de estilos arquitectónicos australianos que se aplican a edificios utilizados para fines distintos a la...

Los estilos arquitectónicos australianos no residenciales son un conjunto de estilos arquitectónicos australianos que se aplican a edificios utilizados para fines distintos a la vivienda y que existen desde los primeros edificios gubernamentales coloniales de los primeros asentamientos europeos en Australia en 1788.

Su distribución sigue de cerca el establecimiento y crecimiento de las diferentes colonias de Australia, ya que los primeros edificios coloniales se pueden encontrar en Nueva Gales del Sur y Tasmania .

Las clasificaciones que se presentan a continuación se derivan de un texto australiano de referencia. [ 1 ]

Período colonial antiguo (1788 c. 1840 )

  • Estilo georgiano colonial antiguo; estilo regencia colonial antiguo; estilo griego colonial antiguo; estilo gótico colonial antiguo pintoresco

Antigua casa georgiana colonial

Regencia colonial antigua

Clásico colonial temprano

Gótico colonial temprano pintoresco

Período victoriano ( c. 1840 c. 1890 )

El período victoriano, generalmente alineado con el reinado de la reina Victoria , abarca el período desde aproximadamente 1840 hasta aproximadamente 1890 y comprende quince estilos, todos precedidos por la palabra "victoriano", y son, a saber, en orden cronológico aproximado, georgiano, regencia, egipcio, clásico académico, clásico libre, filigrana, manierista, segundo imperio, italianizante, románico, bizantino, gótico académico, gótico libre, Tudor, gótico rústico y gótico carpintero.

Victoriano georgiano

Una extensión y continuación del estilo georgiano colonial antiguo en la época victoriana. [ 17 ] Las casas de estilo georgiano construidas antes de c. 1840 se caracterizan como georgianas coloniales antiguas, mientras que los edificios construidos entre c. 1840 y c. 1890 se caracterizan como georgianas victorianas. Ambos estilos son esencialmente iguales, caracterizados por fachadas simétricas, formas rectangulares y prismáticas simples y orden. Las ventanas de seis y ocho paneles eran comunes. [ 17 ]

Regencia victoriana

Al igual que la arquitectura georgiana victoriana , el estilo Regencia victoriano fue una continuación del estilo Regencia Colonial Antigua en la época victoriana (c. 1840 – c. 1890). [ 18 ] Una forma más elegante y refinada del estilo georgiano.

Egipto victoriano

Clásico académico victoriano

Clásico victoriano libre

Filigrana victoriana

Manierista victoriano

Ejemplos notables en Australia incluyen: Culwulla Chambers (Sídney); Antigua comisaría de policía, The Rocks Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Antigua oficina de correos y banco de ahorros de giros postales (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);

Segundo Imperio victoriano

Algunos ejemplos notables son: Ayuntamiento de Sídney (Sídney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Teatro Princess (Melbourne); Antigua Oficina de Registros (Melbourne); Oficina General de Correos de Melbourne (Melbourne); Ayuntamiento de Melbourne (Melbourne); Sinagoga de East Melbourne (East Melbourne, Victoria); Edificio de la Exposición Real (Carlton, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de Collingwood (Collingwood, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de South Melbourne (South Melbourne, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de Malvern (Malvern, Victoria); Antiguo Rechabite Hall (Prahran, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de Brunswick (Brunswick, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de Camberwell (Camberwell, Victoria); Ayuntamiento de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); Hotel Shamrock (Bendigo, Victoria); Palacio de Justicia de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); Oficina de Correos de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); Instituto de Tecnología (Bendigo, Victoria); Parlamento de Queensland (Brisbane)

Italiano victoriano

Románico victoriano

Renacimiento victoriano

Bizantino victoriano

Gótico académico victoriano

Gótico libre victoriano

Tudor victoriano (jacobetano)

Gótico rústico victoriano

Gótico carpintero victoriano

Período eduardiano ( aprox . 1890-1910 )

La arquitectura eduardiana es generalmente menos ornamentada que la arquitectura victoriana alta o tardía , [ 47 ] aparte de un subconjunto, utilizado para edificios importantes, conocido como arquitectura barroca eduardiana .

Barroco eduardiano

Entre los ejemplos más notables se incluyen el Edificio de Administración de Tierras en Brisbane , el Hospital Queen Victoria de Melbourne (pabellón principal, ahora Centro de Mujeres Queen Victoria), las Oficinas de la Commonwealth en Treasury Place, Melbourne , el edificio del Departamento de Educación en Sídney (1912) [ 48 ] y la Oficina General de Correos de Hobart .

Período de la federación ( c. 1890 c. 1915 )

12 estilos, cada nombre de estilo precedido por "Federación":

Clásico académico, Clásico libre, Filigrana, Anglo-holandés, Románico, Gótico, Gótico carpintero, Almacén, Reina Ana, Estilo libre, Artes y oficios, Bungalow

Federación Académica Clásica

Federación Clásica Libre

Entre los ejemplos notables se incluyen: el Hospital de Sídney (Sídney), el Pabellón del Zoológico de Taronga (Sídney), el edificio principal de la estación de tren Central de Sídney, [ 49 ] la estación de Flinders Street (Melbourne), la Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón (St Kilda, Victoria), Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria), el Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria), el antiguo Edificio de la Administración de Tierras de Queensland (Brisbane).

Federación Segundo Imperio

Filigrana de la Federación

Federación Anglo-Holandesa

Románico federativo

Federation Gothic

Federation Carpenter Gothic

Federation Warehouse

Federation Queen Anne

Federation Free Style

Federation Arts and Crafts

Federation Bungalow

Inter-War period (c.1915c.1940)

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

Inter-war Georgian Revival

Inter-war Academic Classical

Inter-war Free Classical

Inter-war Beaux Arts

Inter-war Commercial Palazzo

Inter-war Mediterranean

Inter-War Spanish Mission

Inter-war Art Deco

Skyscraper Gothic

Inter-war Chicagoesque

Inter-war Functionalist & Moderne

Interwar Gothic

Inter-war Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)

Inter-War Functionalist & Moderne

The functionalist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

Post-War Period (c. 19401960)

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Modern

Ecclesiastical

International Style

Modern

Late Twentieth-Century Period 19602000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

Ecclesiastical

International

Organic

Brutalist

Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); 259 George Street (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); WTC Wharf; Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Centre (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); Olivetti Building (Sydney); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.

Structuralist

Late Modern

Post Modern

A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)

Immigrant's Nostalgic

21st-century architecture

Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Federation Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)

Post Modern

Structuralist

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design

Sustainable

Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).

Green building

Modern

See also

References

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Bibliografía

  • Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert; Reynolds, Peter (1989). "Una guía ilustrada para identificar la arquitectura australiana: estilos y términos desde 1788 hasta la actualidad", Angus & Robertson .
  • Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Arquitectura de la Edad Media - Antecedentes del estilo neogótico.
  • George Wilkie - Construyendo tu propia casa - Sección sobre estilos arquitectónicos
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20091024003216/http://geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm
  • https://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
  • http://www.wiki.jeremymacpherson.net/index.php?title=Research_Guide_1:_Buildings#Key_Architectural_Styles
  • sydneyarchitecture.com Cronología de estilos en la arquitectura australiana - https://web.archive.org/web/20140908110249/http://sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm
  • Fotografía de la Catedral de San Pablo tomada desde las escaleras de la estación de Flinders Street.