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The Langs' Fairy Books

''The Red Fairy Book'' ''The Blue Poetry Book'' ''The Green Fairy Book'' ''The True Story Book'' ''The Yellow Fairy Book'' ''The Red True Story Book'' ''The Animal Story Book'' ...

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The Langs' Fairy Books are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and Leonora Blanche Lang, a married couple. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections of fairy tales also known as Andrew Lang's "Coloured" Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's Fairy Books of Many Colors. In all, the volumes feature 798 stories, besides the 153 poems in The Blue Poetry Book.

Leonora Blanche Lang (1851–1933), known to her family and friends as Nora, was an English author, editor, and translator. She assumed editorial control of the series in the 1890s,[1] while her husband, Andrew Lang (1844–1912), a Scottishpoet, novelist, and literary critic, edited the series and wrote prefaces for its entire run.

According to Anita Silvey, "The irony of Lang's life and work is that although he wrote for a profession—literary criticism; fiction; poems; books and articles on anthropology, mythology, history, and travel ... he is best recognized for the works he did not write."[2]

The authorship and translation of the Coloured Fairy Books is often incorrectly attributed to Andrew Lang alone. Nora is not named on the front cover or spines of any of the Coloured Fairy Books, which all tout Andrew as their editor. However, as Andrew acknowledges in a preface to The Lilac Fairy Book (1910), "The fairy books have been almost wholly the work of Mrs. Lang, who has translated and adapted them from the French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, and other languages."

The 12 Coloured Fairy Books were illustrated by Henry Justice Ford, with credit for the first two volumes shared by G. P. Jacomb-Hood and Lancelot Speed, respectively.[3]A. Wallis Mills also contributed some illustrations.

The Fairy Books

Origin and influence

"The Crown Returns to the Queen of the Fishes". Illustration by H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's The Orange Fairy Book
Folio Society editions of the Coloured Fairy Books

Los volúmenes más conocidos de la serie son los 12 Libros de Cuentos de Hadas , cada uno de los cuales se distingue por su propio color. Los Lang no recopilaron ningún cuento de hadas de fuentes primarias orales , sin embargo, solo ellos y Madame d'Aulnoy (1651-1705) han recopilado cuentos de una variedad tan amplia de fuentes. Estas colecciones han sido inmensamente influyentes; los Lang dieron a muchos de los cuentos su primera aparición en inglés. Andrew seleccionó los cuentos para los primeros cuatro libros, mientras que Nora se hizo cargo de la serie a partir de entonces. [ 4 ] Ella y otros traductores hicieron gran parte de la traducción y la reinterpretación de las historias originales.

El impulso de Lang por recopilar y publicar cuentos de hadas tenía su origen en su propia experiencia con los cuentos populares y de hadas de su tierra natal, en la frontera anglo-escocesa . Las colecciones de cuentos de hadas británicos eran escasas en aquella época; El libro de hadas de Dinah Craik (1869) fue un precedente aislado. Según Roger Lancelyn Green, Lang «luchaba contra los críticos y pedagogos de la época» que consideraban que la «irrealidad, la brutalidad y el escapismo» de los cuentos tradicionales eran perjudiciales para los jóvenes lectores, al tiempo que sostenían que tales historias no merecían la atención seria de los adultos. [ 5 ] A lo largo de una generación, los libros de Lang provocaron una revolución en esta percepción pública.

La serie fue inmensamente popular, gracias a la reputación de Lang como folclorista y al formato uniforme de los libros. La serie tuvo una gran influencia en la literatura infantil, aumentando la popularidad de los cuentos de hadas sobre los relatos de la vida real. [ 6 ] Inspiró imitadores como English Fairy Tales (1890) y More English Fairy Tales (1894) de Joseph Jacobs . Otros seguidores incluyeron las series estadounidenses The Oak-Tree Fairy Book (1905), The Elm-Tree Fairy Book (1909) y The Fir-Tree Fairy Book (1912) editadas por Clifton Johnson (autor) , y las colecciones de Kate Douglas Wiggin y Nora Archibald Smith .

Fuentes

Algunos de los relatos recopilados por los Lang se incluyeron sin ninguna atribución (por ejemplo, « Las montañas azules »), y el resto se enumeran con breves notas. Las fuentes se pueden rastrear cuando se mencionan como « Grimm » o « Madame d'Aulnoy » o se atribuyen a una colección específica, pero otras notas son menos útiles. Por ejemplo, « El maravilloso abedul » aparece solo como «del ruso-kareliano ». Lang explicó repetidamente en los prefacios que los cuentos que narraba eran todos antiguos y no suyos, y que los nuevos cuentos de hadas no estaban a la altura de ellos.

Pero los trescientos sesenta y cinco autores que intentan escribir nuevos cuentos de hadas son muy tediosos. Siempre empiezan con un niño o una niña que sale y se encuentra con las hadas de las poliantos , las gardenias y las flores de manzano: «Flores, frutas y otras criaturas aladas». Estas hadas intentan ser graciosas y fracasan; o intentan sermonear y lo consiguen. Las hadas de verdad nunca sermonean ni usan jerga. Al final, el niño o la niña se despierta y descubre que todo ha sido un sueño. Así son los nuevos cuentos de hadas. ¡Ojalá nos libremos de todos ellos!

Las colecciones estaban específicamente destinadas a niños y fueron censuradas , como explicó Lang en sus prefacios. JRR Tolkien afirmó en su ensayo " Sobre los cuentos de hadas " (1939) que apreciaba las colecciones, pero se oponía a que las editara para niños. También criticó a Lang por incluir cuentos sin elementos mágicos, citando como ejemplo " El corazón de un mono ", donde el mono simplemente afirma (falsamente) que su corazón está fuera de su cuerpo, a diferencia de " El gigante que no tenía corazón en su cuerpo " u otros cuentos similares, donde el villano realmente guarda su corazón en un lugar más seguro que su pecho. Sin embargo, muchos recopiladores de cuentos de hadas incluyen relatos sin elementos estrictamente maravillosos.

Libros

El libro azul de las hadas (1889)

La primera edición constaba de 5000 ejemplares, que se vendían a 6 chelines cada uno. El libro reunía una amplia variedad de cuentos, con siete de los hermanos Grimm, cinco de Madame d'Aulnoy , tres de Las mil y una noches y cuatro cuentos de hadas noruegos , entre otras fuentes. [ 7 ] El Libro Azul de los Cuentos de Hadas fue el primer volumen de la serie, por lo que contiene algunos de los cuentos más conocidos, procedentes de diversas fuentes.

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The Red Fairy Book (1890)

The Red Fairy Book appeared at Christmas 1890 in a first printing of 10,000 copies. Sources include French, Russian, Danish, and Romanian tales as well as Norse mythology.

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The Blue Poetry Book (1891)

Contains 153 poems by great British and American poets.

The Green Fairy Book (1892)

First edition, 1892

In his Preface to this volume, Lang expressed the view that it would be "probably the last" of the collection. Their continuing popularity, however, demanded subsequent collections. In The Green Fairy Book, the third in the series, Lang has assembled stories from Spanish and Chinese traditions.

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The True Story Book (1893)

Contains 24 true stories, mainly drawn from European history.

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El libro amarillo de las hadas (1894)

Primera edición, 1894

Su tirada inicial fue de 15.000 ejemplares. El Libro Amarillo de los Cuentos es una colección de cuentos de todo el mundo. Incluye muchos cuentos de Hans Christian Andersen .

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The Red True Story Book (1895)

Contains 30 true stories, mainly drawn from European history. Includes the life of Joan of Arc and the Jacobite uprising of 1745.

The Animal Story Book (1896)

Contains 65 stories about animals. Some of them are simple accounts of how animals live in the wild. Others are stories about pets, or remarkable wild animals, or about hunting expeditions. Many are taken from Alexandre Dumas.

  • "'Tom': an Adventure in the Life of a Bear in Paris"
  • "Saï the Panther"
  • "The Buzzard and the Priest"
  • "Cowper and his Hares"
  • "A Rat Tale"
  • "Snake Stories"
  • "What Elephants can Do"
  • "The Dog of Montargis"
  • "How a Beaver builds his House"
  • "The War Horse of Alexander"
  • "Stories about Bears"
  • "Stories about Ants"
  • "The Taming of an Otter"
  • "The Story of Androcles and the Lion"
  • "Monsieur Dumas and his Beasts"
  • "The Adventures of Pyramus"
  • "The Story of a Weasel"
  • "Stories about Wolves"
  • "Two Highland Dogs"
  • "Monkey Tricks and Sally at the Zoo"
  • "How the Cayman was killed"
  • "The Story of Fido"
  • "Beasts Besieged"
  • "Mr. Gully"
  • "Stories from Pliny"
  • "The Strange History of Cagnotte"
  • "Still Waters Run Deep; or, the Dancing Dog"
  • "Theo and his Horses: Jane, Betsy, and Blanche"
  • "Madame Théophile and the Parrot"
  • "The Battle of the Mullets and the Dolphins"
  • "Monkey Stories"
  • "Eccentric Bird Builders"
  • "The Ship of the Desert"
  • "Hame, hame, hame, where I fain wad be"
  • "Nests for Dinner"
  • "Fire-eating Djijam"
  • "The Story of the Dog Oscar"
  • "Dolphins at Play"
  • "The Starling of Segringen"
  • "Grateful Dogs"
  • "Gazelle"
  • "Cockatoo Stories"
  • "The Otter who was reared by a Cat"
  • "Stories about Lions"
  • "Builders and Weavers"
  • "More Faithful than Favoured"
  • "Dolphins, Turtles, and Cod"
  • "More about Elephants"
  • "Bungey"
  • "Lions and their Ways"
  • "The History of Jacko I."
  • "Signora and Lori"
  • "Of the Linnet, Popinjay, or Parrot, and other Birds that can Speak"
  • "Patch and the Chickens"
  • "The Fierce Falcon"
  • "Mr. Bolt, the Scotch Terrier"
  • "A Raven's Funeral"
  • "A Strange Tiger"
  • "Halcyons and their Biographers"
  • "The Story of a Frog"
  • "The Woodpecker Tapping on the Hollow Oak Tree"
  • "Dogs Over the Water"
  • "The Capocier and his Mate"
  • "Owls and Marmots"
  • "Eagles' Nests"

The Pink Fairy Book (1897)

Forty-one Japanese, Scandinavian, and Sicilian tales.

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The Arabian Nights' Entertainments (1898)

Contains 34 stories from the Arabian Nights, adapted for children. The story of Aladdin is in this volume as well as in the Blue Fairy Book.

  • "The Arabian Nights"
  • "The Story of the Merchant and the Genius"
  • "The Story of the First Old Man and of the Hind"
  • "The Story of the Second Old Man, and of the Two Black Dogs"
  • "The Story of the Fisherman"
  • "The Story of the Greek King and the Physician Douban"
  • "The Story of the Husband and the Parrot"
  • "The Story of the Vizir Who Was Punished"
  • "The Story of the Young King of the Black Isles"
  • "The Story of the Three Calendars, Sons of Kings, and of Five Ladies of Bagdad"
  • "The Story of the First Calendar, Son of a King"
  • "The Story of the Envious Man and of Him Who Was Envied"
  • "The Story of the Second Calendar, Son of a King"
  • "The Story of the Third Calendar, Son of a King"
  • "The Seven Voyages of Sindbad the Sailor"
  • "First Voyage"
  • "Second Voyage"
  • "Third Voyage"
  • "Fourth Voyage"
  • "Fifth Voyage"
  • "Sixth Voyage"
  • "Seventh and Last Voyage"
  • "The Little Hunchback"
  • "The Story of the Barber's Fifth Brother"
  • "The Story of the Barber's Sixth Brother"
  • "The Adventures of Prince Camaralzaman and the Princess Badoura"
  • "Noureddin and the Fair Persian"
  • "Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp"
  • "The Adventures of Haroun-al-Raschid, Caliph of Bagdad"
  • "The Story of the Blind Baba-Abdalla"
  • "The Story of Sidi-Nouman"
  • "The Story of Ali Cogia, Merchant of Bagdad"
  • "The Enchanted Horse"
  • "The Story of Two Sisters Who Were Jealous of Their Younger Sister"

The Red Book of Animal Stories (1899)

Illustration from "Joseph: Whose proper name was Josephine" by H. J. Ford

Contains 46 stories about real and mythical animals. Some of them are simple accounts of how animals live in the wild. Others are stories about pets, or remarkable wild animals, or about hunting expeditions.

  • "The Phœnix"
  • "Griffins and Unicorns"
  • "About Ants, Amphisbænas, and Basilisks"
  • "Dragons"
  • "The Story of Beowulf, Grendel', and Grendel's Mother"
  • "The Story of Beowulf and the Fire Drake"
  • "A Fox Tale"
  • "An Egyptian Snake Charmer"
  • "An Adventure of Gérard, the Lion Hunter"
  • "Pumas and Jaguars in South America"
  • "Mathurin and Mathurine"
  • "Joseph: Whose proper name was Josephine"
  • "The Homes of the Vizcachas"
  • "Guanacos: Living and Dying"
  • "In the American Desert"
  • "The Story of Jacko II"
  • "Princess"
  • "The Lion and the Saint"
  • "The Further Adventures of 'Tom,' a Bear, in Paris"
  • "Recollections of a Lion Tamer"
  • "Sheep Farming on the Border"
  • "When the World was Young"
  • "Bats and Vampires"
  • "The Ugliest Beast in the World"
  • "The Games of Orang-Outangs, and Kees the Baboon"
  • "Greyhounds and their Masters"
  • "The Great Father, and Snakes' Ways"
  • "Elephant Shooting"
  • "Hyenas and Children"
  • "A Fight with a Hippopotamus"
  • "Kanny, the Kangaroo"
  • "Collies or Sheep Dogs"
  • "Two Big Dogs and a Little One"
  • "Crocodile Stories"
  • "Lion-Hunting and Lions"
  • "On the Trail of a Man-eater"
  • "Greyhounds and their Arab Masters"
  • "The Life and Death of Pincher"
  • "A Boar Hunt by Moonlight"
  • "Thieving Dogs and Horses"
  • "To the Memory of Squouncer"
  • "How Tom the Bear was born a Frenchman"
  • "Charley"
  • "Fairy Rings; and the Fairies who make them"
  • "How the Reindeer Live"
  • "The Cow and the Crocodile"

The Grey Fairy Book (1900)

Thirty-five stories, many from oral traditions, and others from French, German and Italian collections.

First edition, 1900

The Violet Fairy Book (1901)

Romania, Japan, Serbia, Lithuania, Africa, Portugal, and Russia are among the sources of these 35 stories that tell of a haunted forest, chests of gold coins, a magical dog, and a man who outwits a dragon.

Second edition, 1902

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The Book of Romance (1902)

Contains nineteen stories from various medieval and Renaissance romances of chivalry, adapted for children. Includes stories about King Arthur, Charlemagne, William of Orange, and Robin Hood.

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The Crimson Fairy Book (1903)

These 36 stories originated in Hungary, Russia, Finland, Iceland, Tunisia, the Baltic, and elsewhere.

First edition, 1903

The Brown Fairy Book (1904)

The Brown Fairy Book contains stories from the American Indians, Australian Bushmen and African Sothos, and from Persia, Lapland, Brazil, and India.

Spine of first edition, 1904

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The Red Romance Book (1905)

Contains 29 stories from various medieval and Renaissance romances of chivalry, adapted for children. Includes stories about Don Quixote, Charlemagne, Bevis of Hampton and Guy of Warwick.

The Orange Fairy Book (1906)

Includes 33 tales from Jutland, Rhodesia, Uganda, and various other European traditions.

Ian and the Blue Falcon by H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's The Orange Fairy Book
First edition, 1906

The Olive Fairy Book (1907)

The Olive Fairy Book includes unusual stories from Turkey, India, Denmark, Armenia, the Sudan, and the pen of Anatole France.

The Blue Parrot. by H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's The Olive Fairy Book
First edition, 1907

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The Book of Princes and Princesses (1908)

Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford (LCCN 08-28404).

Contains 14 stories about the childhoods of European monarchs, including Napoleon, Elizabeth I, and Frederick the Great.

The Red Book of Heroes (1909)

Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford (LCCN 09-17962).

Contains 12 true stories about role models for children, including Hannibal, Florence Nightingale, and Saint Thomas More.

The Lilac Fairy Book (1910)

The Lilac Fairy Book contains stories from Portugal, Ireland, Wales, and points East and West.

El libro de cuentos de todo tipo (1911)

Publicado por Longmans como escrito por "Mrs. Lang"; ilustrado por HJ Ford. ( LCCN 11-27934 ). 

Contiene 30 relatos sobre diversos temas, entre ellos historias reales, mitos griegos y cuentos de Alexandre Dumas , Walter Scott y Edgar Allan Poe .

The Book of Saints and Heroes (1912)

Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford (LCCN 12-24314).

Contains 23 stories about saints. Most of these are true stories, although a few legends are also included.

The Strange Story Book (1913)

Published after Andrew Lang's death, with an introduction by Leonora Blanche Lang. Contains thirty-four stories on a variety of subjects, including ghost stories, Native American legends, true stories, and tales from Washington Irving.

References

  1. ↑Day, Andrea (2017-09-19). ""Almost wholly the work of Mrs. Lang": Nora Lang, Literary Labour, and the Fairy Books". Women's Writing. 26 (4): 400–420. doi:10.1080/09699082.2017.1371938. S2CID 164414996.
  2. ↑Anita Silvey, Children's Books and Their Creators, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995; p. 387.
  3. ↑Richard Dalby (1997). "Ford, H. J.". In John Clute; John Grant (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fantasy. sf-encyclopedia.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  4. ↑Day, Andrea (2017-09-19). ""Almost wholly the work of Mrs. Lang": Nora Lang, Literary Labour, and the Fairy Books". Women's Writing. 26 (4): 400–420. doi:10.1080/09699082.2017.1371938. S2CID 164414996.
  5. ↑Roger Lancelyn Green, "Andrew Lang in Fairyland", in: Sheila Egoff, G. T. Stubbs, and L. F. Ashley, eds., Only Connect: Readings on Children's Literature, New York, Oxford University Press; second edition, 1980; p. 250.
  6. ↑Betsy Hearne, "Booking the Brothers Grimm: Art, Adaptations and Economics", p 221 James M. McGlathery, ed. The Brothers Grimm and Folktale, ISBN 0-252-01549-5
  7. ↑“The Blue Fairy Book (1889)”. Mythfolklore.net
  • Full Andrew Lang's Fairy Books collection at One More Library
  • Andrew Lang collection
  • The Folio Society "Rainbow Fairy Books"
  • The Green Fairy Book at Faded Page (Canada)
  • The Grey Fairy Book at Faded Page (Canada)
  • The Lilac Fairy Book at Faded Page (Canada)
  • The Yellow Fairy Book at Faded Page (Canada)
  • Andrew Lang's Fairy Books public domain audiobook at LibriVox
  • {https://www.sites.google.com/site/andrewlangfairybooks/home} Illustrated list of all the first editions.