Década de 1770

La década de 1770 (pronunciada "diecisiete-setenta") fue una década del calendario gregoriano que comenzó el 1 de enero de 1770 y terminó el 31 de diciembre de 1779. Un período lleno de descubrimientos y avances en todos los ámbitos de la vida, ya que lo que surgió en este período dio vida a la mayoría de las innovaciones que conocemos hoy.

Desde naciones como Estados Unidos , que nació a través de dificultades como la Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos y altercados similares al Motín del Té de Boston , esferas de influencia como la del Imperio ruso a partir de sus victoriosas reivindicaciones de Crimea en la Guerra Ruso-Turca , la Revolución Industrial y el populismo , su influencia sigue siendo omnipresente hasta el día de hoy.

Los europeos, como James Cook , descubrieron y colonizaron nuevas tierras al sur del Ecuador , ampliando los horizontes de un Nuevo Mundo a nuevos confines como Australia y la Polinesia Francesa . La profundización de los estudios filosóficos condujo a la publicación de obras como " La riqueza de las naciones " de Adam Smith , cuyos conceptos influyeron en gran parte del pensamiento socioeconómico moderno y sembraron las semillas del actual orden mundial neoliberal . Los estudios sobre química y política se profundizaron para forjar la Era de la Razón en los siglos venideros.

• 1 de enero – El coronel Keating, ingeniero principal, coloca los cimientos del Fuerte George, en Bombay , en el sitio del antiguo Fuerte Dongri . ^{[ cita requerida ]}
• 1 de febrero – La casa de Thomas Jefferson en Shadwell, Virginia, es destruida por un incendio, junto con la mayoría de sus libros. ^[1]
• 14 de febrero – El explorador escocés James Bruce llega a Gondar , capital de Abisinia (actual Etiopía ) y es recibido por el emperador Tekle Haymanot II y Ras Mikael Sehul . ^[2]
• 22 de febrero : Christopher Seider , un niño de 11 años de Boston , en la provincia británica de la bahía de Massachusetts , es asesinado a tiros por un funcionario colonial, Ebenezer Richardson. El funeral desencadena protestas antibritánicas que conducen a la masacre días después. ^[3]
• 5 de marzo – Masacre de Boston : Once hombres estadounidenses son asesinados a tiros (cinco de ellos fatalmente) por tropas británicas, en un evento que ayuda a iniciar la Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos cinco años después.
• 21 de marzo : el rey Prithvi Narayan Shah se muda al recién construido Palacio Basantapur en la capital, Katmandú, como el primer rey del Reino Unificado de Nepal.
• 26 de marzo – Primer viaje de James Cook : el explorador inglés, el capitán James Cook, y su tripulación a bordo del HMS  Endeavour completan la circunnavegación de Nueva Zelanda .

• 12 de abril – El Parlamento británico deroga las Leyes Townshend gracias a los esfuerzos del Primer Ministro Frederick North , con la excepción del aumento de los aranceles sobre el té importado. Los colonos estadounidenses, a su vez, ponen fin al embargo sobre las importaciones británicas. ^[4]
• 18 de abril ( 19 de abril según el diario de Cook) ^[5] 18:00 – Primer viaje de James Cook: el explorador inglés, el capitán James Cook, y su tripulación se convierten en los primeros europeos registrados en encontrarse con la costa este del continente australiano . Se avista tierra en Point Hicks , y se la nombra en honor al teniente Hicks, quien observó por primera vez el relieve a las 6 a. m.
• 20 de abril – Batalla de Aspindza : el rey georgiano Erekle II derrota a las fuerzas otomanas , a pesar de ser abandonado por un aliado, el general ruso Totleben .
• 29 de abril – Primer viaje de James Cook : el capitán Cook echa el ancla en el HMS  Endeavour en una amplia bahía, a unos 16 km (10 mi) al sur de la actual ciudad de Sydney , Australia. Debido a que el joven botánico a bordo del barco, Joseph Banks , descubre 30.000 especímenes de vida vegetal en la zona, 1.600 de ellos desconocidos para la ciencia europea, Cook bautiza el lugar como Botany Bay el 7 de mayo .
• 7 de mayo – María Antonieta, de catorce años, llega a la corte francesa.
• 16 de mayo – María Antonieta se casa con Luis Augusto (quien más tarde se convierte en el rey Luis XVI de Francia ).
• 20 de mayo – Una estampida, durante la celebración de los recién casados ​​María Antonieta y Luis Augusto en París, mata a más de cien personas. ^[6]
• 3 de junio –
  • Gaspar de Portolà y el padre Junípero Serra fundan Monterey , presidio del territorio de la Alta California para España de 1777 a 1822 , Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824 a 1846 , hasta la República de California .
  • El terremoto de 7,5 M _en Puerto Príncipe afecta a la colonia francesa de Saint-Domingue con una intensidad máxima de Mercalli de X ( Extrema ), matando a 250 o más personas.
• 9 de junio – Crisis de las Malvinas (1770) : Unos 1.600 infantes de marina españoles , enviados por el gobernador español de Buenos Aires en cinco fragatas, toman el puerto de Egmont en las Islas Malvinas . La pequeña fuerza británica presente se rinde rápidamente. ^[7]
• 11 de junio – Primer viaje de James Cook : el HMS  Endeavour encalla en la Gran Barrera de Coral .

• 1 de julio : el cometa Lexell (D/1770 L1) pasa cerca de la Tierra a una distancia de 2.184.129 kilómetros (1.357.155 millas), el acercamiento más cercano de un cometa en la historia registrada. ^[8]
• 5 de julio – Batalla de Chesma y Batalla de Larga : El Imperio ruso derrota al Imperio otomano en ambas batallas. Cuando la noticia de la derrota llega a la ciudad otomana de Esmirna ( 8 de julio ), la multitud ataca a la comunidad griega de la ciudad (percibida como favorable a la causa rusa) y mata a unos 200 griegos y tres europeos occidentales (aunque algunos informes estiman el número de víctimas en 3.000 o incluso 5.000, incluidos "3 o 4 mil que mueren debido al susto"). ^{[9] [10]}
• 1 de agosto (21 de julio OS ) – Guerra ruso-turca (1768-74) – Batalla de Kagul : el comandante ruso Pyotr Rumyantsev derrota a 150.000 turcos.
• 22 de agosto ( 23 de agosto según el diario de Cook) – Primer viaje de James Cook : el capitán Cook determina que Nueva Holanda (Australia) no es contigua a Nueva Guinea , y reclama toda su costa oriental para Gran Bretaña, llamándola posteriormente Nueva Gales del Sur .
• C. Septiembre – Johann Gottfried Herder conoce a Johann Wolfgang von Goethe en Estrasburgo .
• 24 de septiembre – En Hillsborough, Carolina del Norte , el Movimiento Regulador se amotina contra las autoridades locales. ^[11]

• 11 de octubre – Phillis Wheatley se convierte en la primera mujer afroamericana en ver publicada su obra, después de haber escrito una elegía poética al difunto reverendo George Whitefield . ^[12]
• 14 de noviembre : James Bruce descubre lo que cree que es la fuente del Nilo.
• 7 de diciembre – El rey Luis XV de Francia emite el "Edicto de diciembre", destituyendo a los magistrados rebeldes de los Parlamentos de París y de las otras 13 provincias. ^{[13] [14]}
• 24 de diciembre – El secretario de Marina de Francia , César Gabriel de Choiseul , es despedido de su cargo por el rey. ^[15]

• Joseph Priestley , químico británico , recomienda el uso de una goma para eliminar las marcas de lápiz .
• Joseph-Louis Lagrange demuestra la conjetura de Bachet .
• En Neuchâtel se produce la obra materialista (anónima) del barón d'Holbach Le Système de la Nature ou Des Loix du Monde Physique et du Monde Moral .
• El último cumano que hablaba la lengua cumana (István Varró  [fr] ) muere en Hungría.

• 5 de enero : La Gran Migración Kalmyk ( Torghut ) es liderada por Ubashi Khan , desde la orilla oriental del río Bajo Volga de regreso a la tierra natal de Dzungaria , en ese momento bajo el gobierno de la dinastía Qing .
• 9 de enero – El emperador Go-Momozono accede al trono de Japón , tras la abdicación de su tía.
• 12 de febrero : tras la muerte de Adolfo Federico , su hijo Gustavo III le sucede como rey de Suecia . Sin embargo, en ese momento Gustavo no lo sabe, ya que se encuentra en París. La noticia de la muerte de su padre le llega aproximadamente un mes después.
• Marzo – Guerra de la Regulación : El gobernador de Carolina del Norte, William Tryon , crea una milicia para sofocar el prolongado levantamiento de las milicias del interior del país contra el gobierno colonial de Carolina del Norte.
• 12 de marzo : la Asamblea General de Carolina del Norte establece el condado de Wake (nombrado en honor a Margaret Wake , la esposa del gobernador real de Carolina del Norte, William Tryon ) a partir de partes de los condados de Cumberland , Johnston y Orange . Bloomsbury (más tarde conocida como Wake Courthouse) se convierte en la sede informal del condado.
• 15 de marzo – La Sociedad Smeatoniana de Ingenieros Civiles se reúne por primera vez en Londres, la sociedad de ingeniería más antigua del mundo. ^{[16] [17]}

• 4 de abril : comienzan las primeras cuarentenas en Moscú y San Petersburgo para combatir la epidemia de peste bubónica . En los siguientes 12 meses, más de 52.000 personas mueren a causa de la peste solo en Moscú. ^[18]
• Mayo – Tres batallas de Sarbakusa : Una alianza de tres de los aristócratas más poderosos de Etiopía (Goshu de Amhara, Wand Bewossen y Fasil de Damot) derrota a Ras Mikael Sehul y al emperador Tekle Haymanot II , tomando el control de Etiopía.
• 11 de mayo – Guerra del Reglamento: el gobernador de Carolina del Norte, William Tryon, saca a su ejército de Hillsborough para ayudar a las fuerzas asediadas del general Hugh Waddell. El ejército de Tryon se detiene en Alamance Creek, a 8 km del ejército del Regulador.
• 16 de mayo – Guerra de la Regulación – Batalla de Alamance : Los reguladores rechazan una petición del gobernador Tryon para que se dispersen pacíficamente. Las fuerzas del gobernador Tryon aplastan la rebelión, lo que hace que muchos reguladores se trasladen a zonas fronterizas fuera de Carolina del Norte.
• 23 de mayo – Batalla de Lanckorona : una fuerza de 4.000 rusos bajo el mando de Alexander Suvorov derrota a una formación polaca de 1.300 hombres.
• 11 de junio : La Sociedad de Caballeros Partidarios de la Declaración de Derechos se reúne en la Taberna de Londres y cambia su plataforma a un programa integral para la reforma parlamentaria británica de cara a las próximas elecciones. ^[19]

• 12 de julio : Finaliza el primer viaje de James Cook alrededor del mundo cuando el HMS Endeavour regresa a Inglaterra después de casi tres años.
• 13 de julio – Guerra ruso-turca (1768-1774) : las fuerzas rusas ocupan Crimea , ^[20] bajo el mando del príncipe Vasily Dolgorukov.
• 17 de julio – Masacre de Bloody Falls : el jefe chipewyan Matonabbee , que viaja como guía de Samuel Hearne en su viaje por tierra al Ártico, masacra a un grupo de inuit desprevenidos .
• 8 de agosto : se juega el primer partido de cricket urbano registrado, en Horsham , Inglaterra. ^[21]
• 8 de septiembre – En California , los padres Pedro Cambon y Ángel Somera fundan la Misión Vieja , más tarde llamada Misión San Gabriel Arcángel , en lo que hoy es San Gabriel, California .
• 15 – 17 de septiembre : Los disturbios por la peste en Moscú son resultado de un brote de peste bubónica que mata a 57.000 personas.

• 9 de octubre – El barco mercante holandés Vrouw Maria se hunde frente a las costas de Finlandia; el capitán Raymund Lourens y su tripulación escapan ilesos.
• 17 de octubre – Se estrena en Milán la ópera Ascanio in Alba de Wolfgang Mozart , de 15 años de edad .
• 3 de noviembre : la conquista siamesa de Ha Tien pone fin a la guerra civil siamesa de 1767-71 .
• 16 de noviembre – Durante la noche, el río Tyne , Inglaterra, se inunda, destruyendo muchos puentes y matando a varias personas; el reemplazo del puente principal en Newcastle upon Tyne no se completará hasta 1781 .
• 3 de diciembre : La causa de acción en el caso Sommersett , que finalmente conduce al fin de la esclavitud en Gran Bretaña, comienza cuando el esclavo fugitivo James Somerset es encontrado encarcelado en el barco Ann and Mary . ^[22]
• 31 de diciembre – Hombres, mujeres y niños de las tribus Choctaw y Chickasaw comienzan un campamento de 23 días en Mobile , parte de la colonia británica de Florida Occidental , por invitación del superintendente británico de los indios del sur, John Stuart, mientras sus líderes negocian un tratado. ^[23]

• El territorio de Baden-Baden es heredado por Carlos Federico, margrave de Baden-Durlach , reunificando los territorios de Baden .
• El monopolio comercial con Islandia pasa a la corona danesa.
• La Asamblea General de Carolina del Norte aprueba una ley que establece la ciudad de Martinsborough , llamada así en honor al gobernador real Josiah Martin , en la tierra de Richard Evans, que servirá como sede del condado de Pitt .
• La construcción del complejo del Templo Putuo Zongcheng en Chengde , China, se completa durante el reinado del Emperador Qianlong .
• Se establece en Francia la fabricación de porcelana de Limoges .
• Literatura eslovena : István Küzmics , escritor y pastor evangélico esloveno húngaro , publica (en Halle ) Nouvi Zákon , una traducción del Nuevo Testamento al esloveno prekmurje , con discretas ilustraciones en eslavo meridional .

• 10 de enero – Shah Alam II , el emperador mogol de la India, regresa triunfalmente a Delhi 15 años después de haberse visto obligado a huir. ^[24]
• 17 de enero – Johann Friedrich Struensee y la reina Carolina Matilde son arrestados, lo que lleva a su ejecución y al destierro de ella de Dinamarca .
• 12 de febrero
  • El explorador bretón -francés Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec descubre las deshabitadas islas Kerguelen en el sur del Océano Índico.
  • La Asamblea de Virginia modifica una ley para describir los castigos por la práctica de la estafa . ^[25]
• 17 de febrero – Rusia y Prusia acuerdan la Primera Partición de Polonia , que más tarde incluyó a Austria .
• 22 de febrero – El Emirato de Diriyah es fundado por Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin ; se le considera el fundador de la Casa de Saud .
• 8 de marzo – El astrónomo francés Jacques Leibax Montaigne descubre por primera vez el cometa Biela , pero no se demuestra que sea un cometa periódico hasta 1826, cuando Wilhelm von Biela identifica correctamente su regreso. ^[26]
• 20 de marzo – Pedro Fages , gobernador español de Alta California , y Juan Crespí , sacerdote católico, parten de la capital en Monterey con un grupo de 12 soldados y comienzan la primera exploración europea de las tierras alrededor de la bahía de San Francisco . ^[27]

• 8 de abril – El legislador de Massachusetts Samuel Adams convence a sus colegas de aprobar su plan de crear un Comité de Correspondencia para iniciar un diálogo con las demás colonias americanas sobre problemas mutuos con Inglaterra. ^{[28] [29]}
• 13 de abril : Warren Hastings comienza su servicio para la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales como gobernador de Bengala , llegando a la sede de la compañía en Fort William , en las afueras de Calcuta , e incluyendo lo que ahora son partes del noreste de la India y Bangladesh . ^[30] Hastings sirve durante dos años, luego más tarde se convierte en gobernador general de la India.
• 8 de mayo – Un grupo de colonos blancos liderados por William Bean firma el Pacto de la Asociación Watauga en lo que hoy es el este de Tennessee , creando así el primer organismo gubernamental no colonial de la América del Norte británica. ^[31]
• 9 de junio – Asunto Gaspee : En un acto de desafío a las Leyes de Navegación Británicas , los patriotas estadounidenses , liderados por Abraham Whipple , atacan y queman la goleta aduanera británica HMS Gaspee frente a Rhode Island .
• 10 de junio – Se desencadena la crisis de 1772 cuando, tras la huida a Francia de su socio Alexander Fordyce , el banco londinense Neal, James, Fordyce y Down (que había especulado con acciones de la Compañía de las Indias Orientales ) suspende los pagos. El pánico resultante hace que otros bancos quiebren, se extiende a Escocia, Ámsterdam y las Trece Colonias y amenaza a la Compañía de las Indias Orientales con la quiebra .
• 22 de junio – Caso Somersett : Lord Mansfield , Presidente del Tribunal Supremo de Inglaterra y Gales , emite la decisión que conduce al fin de la esclavitud en Inglaterra. ^[32]
• 23 – 28 de junio – Guerra ruso-turca (1768–1774) : primera de dos ocupaciones rusas de Beirut , tras un bombardeo naval que comenzó el 18 de junio. ^[33]

• 13 de julio : el segundo viaje de James Cook parte de Plymouth en el nuevo barco del capitán Cook, el HMS Resolution y el barco compañero HMS Adventure en un intento de demostrar la existencia de un continente inexplorado incluso más al sur que Nueva Zelanda . ^[34]
• 5 de agosto : comienza la primera partición de la Mancomunidad de Polonia y Lituania . El Reino de Galicia y Lodomeria pasa a formar parte de las tierras de la corona de la monarquía de los Habsburgo .
• 12 de agosto – El volcán Monte Papandayan en Java Occidental entra en erupción y colapsa parcialmente; la avalancha de escombros mata a varios miles de personas. ^[35]
• 21 de agosto : el rey Gustavo III da un golpe de Estado al aprobar una nueva Constitución , poniendo fin a medio siglo de gobierno parlamentario en Suecia y convirtiéndolo en un déspota ilustrado .
• 1 de septiembre - Se funda la Misión San Luis Obispo de Tolosa en San Luis Obispo, California .

• 28 de octubre : el explorador vasco -español Domingo de Bonechea , en el Águila , avista el atolón de Tauere , al que llama San Simón y Judas . ^[36]
• 2 de noviembre – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos : Samuel Adams y Joseph Warren forman el primer Comité de Correspondencia .
• 14 de diciembre
  • Las oficinas del gobierno ruso vuelven a abrir en Moscú y San Petersburgo después de estar cerradas durante 15 meses debido a una epidemia de peste bubónica . ^[37]
  • Segundo viaje de James Cook : La tripulación del HMS  Resolution descubre que los témpanos de hielo encontrados en su viaje hacia el sur son una fuente de agua dulce, un "descubrimiento... de suma importancia para el éxito del viaje". ^[38]

• El científico escocés Daniel Rutherford descubre el gas nitrógeno , aislándolo del aire. ^[39]
• Federico II, duque de Mecklemburgo-Schwerin , exige que todos los cuerpos permanezcan sin enterrar durante tres días para garantizar que la muerte realmente haya tenido lugar. ^[40]

• 1 de enero : el himno que se conocería como Amazing Grace , en esta época titulado "1 Crónicas 17:16-17", se utiliza por primera vez para acompañar un sermón dirigido por el cura John Newton en la ciudad de Olney, Buckinghamshire , Inglaterra.
• 12 de enero – Se establece el primer museo en las colonias americanas en Charleston, Carolina del Sur ; en 1915, se incorpora formalmente como el Museo de Charleston . ^[41]
• 17 de enero – Segundo viaje de James Cook : el capitán Cook en el HMS Resolution (1771) se convierte en el primer explorador europeo en cruzar el Círculo Antártico . ^[42]
• 18 de enero – La primera representación de ópera en idioma sueco , Thetis y Phelée , interpretada por Carl Stenborg y Elisabeth Olin en Bollhuset en Estocolmo , Suecia , marca el establecimiento de la Ópera Real Sueca .
• 8 de febrero – El Gran Consejo de Polonia se reúne en Varsovia, convocado por una carta circular del rey Estanislao Augusto Poniatowski para responder a la amenaza de partición del Reino entre tres potencias extranjeras. ^[43]
• 27 de febrero – Se completa la construcción de la Iglesia de Cristo (Alexandria, Virginia) , conocida por ser la casa de culto de George Washington y el lugar de visita de los posteriores presidentes de Estados Unidos. ^[41]
• 9 – 19 de marzo – Segundo viaje de James Cook : Tobias Furneaux en el HMS  Adventure  (1771) explora la costa de la Tierra de Van Diemen . ^[44]
• 15 de marzo – Se presenta por primera vez la popular (y duradera) comedia She Stoops to Conquer , del dramaturgo irlandés Oliver Goldsmith , que se estrena en el Covent Garden Theatre de Londres . ^[45]

• 27 de abril – El Parlamento de Gran Bretaña aprueba la Ley del Té (que entra en vigor el 10 de mayo ), diseñada para salvar a la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales otorgándole un monopolio en el comercio del té en América del Norte . ^[46]
• 8 de mayo – En Egipto , los rebeldes otomanos se rebelan y matan a Ali Bey , sultán mameluco de Egipto .
• 4 de junio de 1773 La expedición Phipps hacia el Polo Norte parte de Gran Bretaña.
• 10 de junio – El rey Jorge III da la sanción real a la Ley de Regulación , creando el cargo de Gobernador General, con un consejo asesor, para ejercer autoridad política sobre el territorio bajo el gobierno de la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales en la India . ^[46]

• 14 de julio – Se convoca la primera conferencia anual de los metodistas estadounidenses en Filadelfia, en la iglesia de San Jorge. ^[41]
• 21 de julio – Bajo presión de las cortes borbónicas, el papa Clemente XIV suprime la Compañía de Jesús (breve Dominus ac Redemptor ). José II, emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico , expulsa a la orden de sus territorios.
• 29 de julio (Fiesta de Santa Marta) – Terremoto en Guatemala : El terremoto de Santa Marta golpea, con una magnitud epicentral estimada de 7,5 M _i , ^[47] golpeando Guatemala ; numerosas réplicas duran hasta diciembre. La ciudad de Antigua Guatemala queda prácticamente destruida, lo que lleva a la decisión de trasladar la capital del país a La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción .
• 11 de agosto – Segundo viaje de James Cook en las Tuamotu : el capitán Cook descubre Tekokota , a la que bautiza como Isla Doubtful .
• 12 de agosto – Segundo viaje de James Cook a las Tuamotu: el capitán Cook descubre Marutea Nord , a la que bautiza isla Furneaux .
• 11 de septiembre – The Public Advertiser publica un ensayo satírico titulado Reglas por las cuales un gran imperio puede reducirse a uno pequeño, escrito por Benjamin Franklin .

• 10 de octubre
  • Daniel Boone lidera el primer intento de los colonos británicos de establecer un asentamiento en Kentucky , pero es rechazado en un ataque de los nativos americanos , en el que muere su hijo.
  • Guerra ruso-turca (1768-1774) : comienza la segunda de las ocupaciones rusas de Beirut , tras un bombardeo naval que comenzó el 2 de agosto. Los rusos dejan a los mercenarios albaneses como fuerza de ocupación. ^[48]
  • Paul Revere se casa con Rachel Walker, su segunda esposa.
• 12 de octubre – Se abre el primer manicomio de Estados Unidos para personas con enfermedades mentales y trastornos mentales en Williamsburg, Virginia .
• 13 de octubre – El astrónomo francés Charles Messier descubre la Galaxia del Remolino , una galaxia espiral interactuante de gran diseño ubicada a una distancia de aproximadamente 31 millones de años luz , en la constelación de Canes Venatici .
• 14 de octubre – La Komisja Edukacji Narodowej ( en polaco , Comisión para la Educación del Pueblo ), formada en la Mancomunidad de Naciones Polaco-Lituana , es considerada el primer Ministerio de Educación del mundo.
• 10 de noviembre : cuatro barcos (el Dartmouth , el Eleanor , el Beaver y el William ) parten de Gran Bretaña rumbo a América, transportando el primer té indio sujeto a los impuestos recién promulgados. El William se pierde en una tormenta; el Dartmouth es el primer barco que llega a Boston , donde atracará el 28 de noviembre . ^[49]
• 16 de diciembre – Motín del té de Boston : un grupo de colonos estadounidenses , vestidos como indios mohawk, suben a bordo de barcos de la Compañía de las Indias Orientales y arrojan su cargamento de té al puerto de Boston , en protesta contra las políticas fiscales británicas. ^[46]
• 23 de diciembre : bajo el reinado de Catalina II se funda la Academia Estatal de Coreografía de Moscú ^[50] . Es la segunda escuela de ballet de Rusia después de la Academia Vaganova de Ballet Ruso .

• Guerra ruso-turca (1768-1774) : las fuerzas rusas no logran tomar Silistria .
• Emelian Pugachev inicia la Rebelión de Pugachev en Rusia , atacando y ocupando Samara .
• John Harrison gana el premio Longitude por su invención del cronómetro marino . ^[51]
• Hilaire Rouelle descubre la urea .
• Se establece la Universidad Técnica de Estambul (bajo el nombre de Escuela Real de Ingeniería Naval ) como la primera institución integral de educación superior del mundo dedicada a la educación en ingeniería.
• El vino Marsala se envió por primera vez a Inglaterra. ^[52]
• En China , se inicia la redacción de la Biblioteca completa de los Cuatro Tesoros , la mayor recopilación literaria de libros de la historia de China (superando a la Enciclopedia Yongle del siglo XV). Tras su finalización en 1782 , los libros están encuadernados en 36.381 volúmenes (册) con más de 79.000 capítulos (卷), que comprenden alrededor de 2,3 millones de páginas y aproximadamente 800 millones de caracteres chinos .
• El juez escocés James Burnett, Lord Monboddo , inicia la publicación de Del origen y progreso del lenguaje , una contribución a las ideas evolutivas de la Ilustración .
• Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publica en Hamburgo los cinco últimos cantos de su poema épico Der Messias .

• 21 de enero – Mustafa III , sultán del Imperio Otomano , muere y es sucedido por su hermano Abdul Hamid I. [ ^53]
• 27 de enero
  • Una multitud furiosa en Boston , Massachusetts , captura, alquitrana y empluma al recaudador de aduanas británico y leal John Malcolm , por golpear a un niño y a un zapatero, George Hewes , con su bastón.
  • El industrial británico John Wilkinson patenta un método para perforar cañones a partir de piezas sólidas, que posteriormente fue utilizado para perforar con precisión cilindros de máquinas de vapor . ^[54]
• 3 de febrero – El Consejo Privado de Gran Bretaña , en su calidad de asesor del rey Jorge III, vota a favor de la abolición de las concesiones de tierras gratuitas de América del Norte. A partir de entonces, las tierras se venderán en subasta al mejor postor. ^[55]
• 6 de febrero – El Parlamento de París vota una sentencia de degradación civil, privando a Pierre Beaumarchais de todos los derechos y deberes de ciudadanía. ^[56]
• 7 de febrero – Se funda la compañía de bomberos voluntarios de Trenton, Nueva Jersey , predecesora del Departamento de Bomberos de Trenton, creado en 1892. En 1905, con 131 años de servicio, se proclama el departamento más antiguo en servicio continuo en los EE. UU. ^[57]
• 24 de febrero – La Cámara de Representantes de la Provincia de la Bahía de Massachusetts vota, por 92 a 8, para destituir al presidente del Tribunal Superior de Justicia, Peter Oliver , pero el gobernador provincial, Thomas Hutchinson, se niega a permitir que el juicio continúe. ^[58]
• 10 de marzo – El Boston Journal hace la primera referencia a la bandera de las “ barras y estrellas ” para simbolizar las colonias americanas, informando que “La bandera americana ahora hace brillar una puerta que pronto brillará desde los cielos”. ^[59]
• 31 de marzo – Actos intolerables : El Parlamento británico aprueba la Ley del Puerto de Boston , cerrando el puerto de Boston, Massachusetts, como castigo por el Motín del Té de Boston . ^[59]

• 17 de abril – Theophilus Lindsey funda en Londres la primera congregación declaradamente unitaria , Essex Street Chapel .
• 19 de abril – El estreno de Iphigénie en Aulide de Christoph Willibald Gluck desata una enorme polémica, casi una guerra, como no se veía en París desde la Querelle des Bouffons .
• 10 de mayo – Luis XVI se convierte en rey de Francia, tras la muerte de su abuelo, Luis XV . ^[60]
• 17 de mayo – La colonia de Rhode Island y Providence Plantations emite la primera convocatoria para un "Congreso Intercolonial" que finalmente se establece como el Congreso Continental . ^[59]
• 19 de mayo – Ann Lee , de Shakers, y ocho seguidores zarpan desde Liverpool, Inglaterra, rumbo a la América colonial .
• 2 de junio – Actos intolerables : se aprueba una nueva Ley de Alojamiento , que exige que los colonos estadounidenses proporcionen mejores viviendas a los soldados británicos que lo soliciten. ^[59]
• 16 – 17 de junio – El explorador inglés James Cook se convierte en el primer europeo en avistar (y nombrar) la isla Palmerston en el Océano Pacífico Sur.
• 20 de junio (9 de junio de 1768 ) – Guerra ruso-turca (1768-1774) : Batalla de Kozludzha – El Ejército Imperial Ruso , dirigido por Alexander Suvorov , derrota a las fuerzas numéricamente superiores del Imperio Otomano .
• 22 de junio – El Parlamento de Gran Bretaña aprueba la Ley de Quebec , que establece las reglas de gobierno para la colonia de Quebec en la América del Norte británica, amplía su territorio hasta el sur de Ohio ^[59] y otorga libertad de religión a los católicos romanos.

• 21 de julio : Rusia y el Imperio otomano firman el Tratado de Küçük Kaynarca , con la victoria rusa, que pone fin a seis años de guerra . El tratado otorga a Rusia el derecho a intervenir en la política otomana para proteger a sus súbditos cristianos.
• 1 de agosto : se descubre el elemento oxígeno por tercera vez (la segunda de manera cuantitativa, después del trabajo algo anterior de Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771-72) por Joseph Priestley , quien publica el hecho en 1775 y así nombra al elemento (y generalmente recibe todo el crédito, porque su trabajo se publicó primero).
• 6 de agosto – Ann Lee y los Shakers llegan a Estados Unidos y se establecen en Nueva York. ^[59]
• 1 de septiembre – Alarma de pólvora : Thomas Gage , gobernador real de la provincia de la bahía de Massachusetts , ordena a los soldados británicos que retiren la pólvora de un polvorín , lo que hace que los patriotas se preparen para la guerra.
• 4 de septiembre – El explorador inglés James Cook se convierte en el primer europeo en avistar (y nombrar) la isla de Nueva Caledonia en Melanesia .
• 5 de septiembre – El Primer Congreso Continental se reúne en Filadelfia . ^[59]
• 15 de septiembre – Yemelyan Pugachev , líder de la rebelión de Pugachev contra Rusia por parte de los cosacos de Yaik , es traicionado por sus propios hombres después de regresar a Yaitsk (ahora Oral, Kazajstán ). ^[61]
• 21 de septiembre – George Mason y George Washington fundan la Asociación de Milicia del Condado de Fairfax , una unidad militar independiente del control británico.
• 29 de septiembre : la novela epistolar semiautobiográfica de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Las penas del joven Werther ( Die Leiden des jungen Werthers ) (escrita de enero a marzo) se publica de forma anónima en Leipzig, Alemania; es influyente en el movimiento Sturm und Drang y el romanticismo .

• 10 de octubre
  • Guerra de Dunmore – Batalla de Point Pleasant : Cornstalk se ve obligado a hacer las paces con Dunmore en el Tratado de Camp Charlotte , cediendo las reclamaciones de tierras shawnee al sur de Ohio (actual Kentucky ) a Virginia .
  • El explorador inglés James Cook se convierte en el primer europeo en avistar (y nombrar) la Isla Norfolk en el Océano Pacífico, deshabitada en esa fecha.
• 14 de octubre – El Congreso Continental en América adopta la Declaración de Derechos y Resoluciones , con 10 principios. ^[59]
• 20 de octubre – El Primer Congreso Continental aprueba la Asociación Continental , un boicot a los productos británicos en toda la colonia. También se suspenden las representaciones teatrales en las colonias americanas, por recomendación del Congreso de que las colonias miembro “desconfíen y desalienten todas las carreras de caballos y todo tipo de juegos, peleas de gallos, exhibiciones de espectáculos, obras de teatro y otras diversiones y entretenimientos costosos”. ^[59]
• 21 de octubre : La palabra Libertad aparece por primera vez en una bandera izada por los colonos en Taunton, Massachusetts , en desafío al dominio británico en la América colonial .
• 25 de octubre – Se celebra el Edenton Tea Party en Carolina del Norte , que marca la primera gran reunión de mujeres en apoyo de la causa estadounidense.
• 26 de octubre – Se celebra el primer Congreso Continental en Filadelfia .
• 4 de noviembre : El Maryland Jockey Club sigue una recomendación del Congreso Continental y cancela su calendario de carreras. La decisión sienta un precedente para otros clubes de jockey en las colonias y no se celebran carreras importantes hasta el final de la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos. ^[62]
• 10 de noviembre – Elecciones generales británicas de 1774 : concluyen las votaciones para la Cámara de los Comunes en Gran Bretaña y Lord North conserva el cargo de primer ministro, ya que su coalición conservadora gana 343 de los 558 escaños. El Partido Whig de Henry Seymour Conway gana los otros 215 escaños.
• 15 de noviembre – El gobierno de la República de Venecia permite al aventurero y mujeriego Giacomo Casanova regresar a casa después de una ausencia de 17 años. ^[63]
• 20 de noviembre – Daniel Boone se retira de la milicia colonial de Virginia para dedicar su tiempo completo a establecer un asentamiento en Kentucky . ^[64]
• 25 de noviembre – Salawat Yulayev , el líder de la rebelión bashkir contra el gobierno ruso, es capturado, lo que pone fin a la insurrección. ^[65]
• 26 de noviembre – El químico inglés Joseph Priestley se convierte en la primera persona en descubrir e identificar el dióxido de azufre . ^[66]
• 27 de noviembre – El capitán de la Armada española Domingo de Bonechea llega a Tahití en el barco Águila e intenta sin éxito reclamarla para España y convertir a los tahitianos a la fe católica romana. ^[67]
• 30 de noviembre
  • El Parlamento suspende sus sesiones en Gran Bretaña, pero se niega a autorizar cualquier acción contra las colonias americanas rebeldes, a pesar de un discurso pronunciado el día anterior por el rey Jorge III y el primer ministro North . ^[68]
  • Thomas Paine , nativo de Inglaterra, llega a Estados Unidos a la edad de 37 años y pronto se convierte en un influyente defensor de la independencia de las colonias. ^[69]
• 1 de diciembre – Entra en vigor un boicot convocado por el Congreso Continental, y los comerciantes participantes y sus partidarios cesan la importación o el consumo de productos de Gran Bretaña, Irlanda o las Indias Occidentales Británicas. ^[70]
• 6 de diciembre – La archiduquesa María Teresa , gobernante de Austria, Hungría y Croacia, firma la Ordenanza Escolar General que dispone la educación tanto para varones como para mujeres y establece la educación obligatoria para niños de seis a doce años. ^[71]
• 9 de diciembre – Comienza el asedio de Melilla, que dura dos meses , cuando los ejércitos liderados por el sultán de Marruecos, Mohammed ben Abdallah , atacan la colonia española de Melilla, en el norte de África (que sigue siendo parte de España en el siglo XXI). ^[72]
• 23 de diciembre – El rey Luis XVI de Francia emite una declaración que, por primera vez, protege “el libre comercio de carne durante la Cuaresma ” para apoyar las necesidades de “los pobres cuya enfermedad les obliga a comer carne”. ^[73]

• Para evitar inundaciones graves, Martinsborough , Carolina del Norte, se traslada a un terreno más alto a 3 millas (4,8 km) al oeste. La Asamblea General de Carolina del Norte incorpora a Martinsborough como la nueva sede del condado de Pitt , 3 años después de su fundación.
• El zapatero alemán Johann Birkenstock crea las primeras sandalias Birkenstock .
• Una revisión de las leyes del cricket introduce una regla de “la pierna antes del wicket ”.

La Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos comenzó este año, con el primer enfrentamiento militar el 19 de abril, las batallas de Lexington y Concord , el día después de la cabalgata de Paul Revere . El Segundo Congreso Continental tomó varias medidas para organizar un gobierno estadounidense, nombrando a George Washington comandante en jefe (14 de junio), a Benjamin Franklin director general de correos (26 de julio) y creando una Armada Continental (13 de octubre) y una fuerza de marines (10 de noviembre) como tropas de desembarco para ella, pero hasta ahora las 13 colonias no han declarado la independencia, y tanto el gobierno británico (12 de junio) como el estadounidense (15 de julio) hacen leyes. El 6 de julio, el Congreso emite la Declaración de las Causas y la Necesidad de Tomar las Armas y el 23 de agosto, el Rey Jorge III de Gran Bretaña declara a las colonias americanas en rebelión, anunciándola al Parlamento el 10 de noviembre. El 17 de junio, dos meses después del asedio colonial de Boston , en la Batalla de Bunker Hill , justo al norte de Boston, las fuerzas británicas resultan victoriosas, pero solo después de sufrir graves bajas y después de que las fuerzas coloniales se queden sin municiones, Fort Ticonderoga es tomado por las fuerzas estadounidenses en la frontera norte de la Colonia de Nueva York, y las fuerzas estadounidenses invaden sin éxito Canadá , con un ataque a Montreal derrotado por las fuerzas británicas el 13 de noviembre y un ataque a Quebec rechazado el 31 de diciembre.

El conocimiento y el dominio humanos sobre la naturaleza avanzaron cuando James Watt construyó un exitoso prototipo de una máquina de vapor, y una expedición científica continuó mientras el capitán James Cook reclamaba las islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur en el Océano Atlántico Sur para Gran Bretaña. El poder de la naturaleza sobre la humanidad se demostró dramáticamente cuando el huracán Independence (del 29 de agosto al 13 de septiembre) arrasó la costa este de América del Norte , matando a 4.173 personas, y cuando, en el lado occidental del continente norteamericano, el cono Tse-ak entra en erupción en la futura Columbia Británica , así como cuando comenzó una epidemia de viruela en Nueva Inglaterra. La vacuna contra la viruela fue desarrollada entonces por Edward Jenner . No existe cura para la viruela.

• Enero – La monarquía de los Habsburgo obliga al Imperio Otomano a ceder Bucovina a su dominio.
• 5 de enero – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart termina una Sonata para teclado en do mayor.
• 14 de enero : Conquista siamesa de Chiang Mai y del Reino Lan Na .
• 17 de enero – Segundo viaje de James Cook : El capitán James Cook toma posesión de Georgia del Sur para el Reino de Gran Bretaña .
• 9 de febrero – Revolución Americana : El Parlamento de Gran Bretaña declara que la provincia de la Bahía de Massachusetts está en rebelión.
• 15 de febrero – El Papa Pío VI sucede al Papa Clemente XIV como el Papa número 250 .
• 26 de febrero – La fábrica de la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales en la isla de Balambangan es destruida por piratas moros . ^[74]
• 6 de marzo : Raghunathrao , Peshwa del Imperio Maratha en la India, firma el Tratado de Surat con el Gobernador General británico Warren Hastings en Bombay, cediendo los territorios de Salsette y Bassein a la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales junto con parte de los ingresos de los distritos de Surat y Bharuch a cambio de asistencia militar. Esto conduce a la Primera Guerra Anglo-Maratha, librada entre los británicos y los Marathas, que termina con el Tratado de Salbai en 1782 .
• 17 de marzo – Catalina la Grande de Rusia emite un manifiesto que prohíbe que los siervos liberados sean devueltos a la servidumbre . ^[75]
• 23 de marzo – Revolución estadounidense: Patrick Henry , delegado de la Segunda Convención de Virginia después de que el Gobernador Real disolviera la Cámara de Burgueses de Virginia , pronuncia su discurso " ¡Dadme libertad o dadme la muerte! " en la Iglesia de San Juan en Richmond, Virginia .
• 18 de abril – Revolución estadounidense: Paul Revere y William Dawes , instruidos por el Dr. Joseph Warren , viajan de Boston a Lexington para advertir a John Hancock y Sam Adams que las fuerzas británicas vienen a tomarlos prisioneros y a confiscar armas y municiones coloniales en Concord.
• 19 de abril – Revolución estadounidense – Batallas de Lexington y Concord : ^[76] La hostilidad entre Gran Bretaña y sus colonias estadounidenses estalla en un derramamiento de sangre, lo que desencadena la Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos .
• 10 de mayo – Revolución Americana:
  • El Segundo Congreso Continental se reúne, elige a John Hancock presidente, crea el Ejército Continental bajo el mando de George Washington y autoriza a las colonias a adoptar sus propias constituciones .
  • Ethan Allen y Benedict Arnold , liderando a los Green Mountain Boys de Vermont , capturan Fort Ticonderoga .
• 17 de mayo – Revolución Americana: El Congreso Continental prohíbe el comercio con Canadá .
• 11 de junio
  • La coronación de Luis XVI se celebró en Reims . La última coronación del Antiguo Régimen antes de la Revolución Francesa
  • Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Machias : En el primer enfrentamiento naval de la Revolución estadounidense, las fuerzas patriotas capturan la goleta HMS Margaretta .
• 12 de junio – Revolución Americana:
  • Las fuerzas británicas ofrecen el perdón a todos los colonos que depongan las armas.
  • La acción de los ciudadanos de Machias, Maine , al capturar barcos británicos reconoce la existencia de una Marina Mercante de los Estados Unidos .
• 14 de junio – Revolución Americana: El Congreso Continental nombra a George Washington como comandante del Ejército Continental .
• 16 de junio – Se crea el puesto de ingeniero jefe del Ejército Continental .
• 17 de junio – Revolución estadounidense: dos meses después del asedio colonial de Boston , los británicos abren fuego en Breed's Hill , en la península de Charles Town. Después de tres cargas, los británicos toman la colina en la batalla de Bunker Hill .
• 19 de junio – El Congreso Continental crea el cargo de Comandante General .

• 3 de julio – Revolución estadounidense: George Washington toma el mando del Ejército Continental de 17.000 hombres en Cambridge.
• 5 de julio – Revolución Americana: El Congreso Continental envía la Petición de la Rama de Olivo , con la esperanza de una reconciliación.
• 6 de julio – Revolución estadounidense: El Congreso Continental emite la Declaración de las causas y la necesidad de tomar las armas , que contiene las palabras: "Nuestra causa es justa. Nuestra unión es perfecta... estando con una sola mente resueltos a morir como hombres libres en lugar de vivir como esclavos...".
• 26 de julio – El Segundo Congreso Continental nombra a Benjamin Franklin como el primer Director General de Correos de lo que luego se convierte en el Departamento de Correos de los Estados Unidos .
• 30 de julio – Segundo viaje de James Cook : el HMS  Resolution  (1771) ancla frente a la costa sur de Inglaterra; el capitán Cook ha completado la primera circunnavegación global en dirección este .
• 18 de agosto – Se funda Tucson .
• 21 de agosto – Revolución estadounidense – Asedio de Fort St. Jean : los rebeldes estadounidenses lanzan una invasión de Canadá .
• 23 de agosto – Revolución estadounidense: Al negarse siquiera a mirar la Petición de la Rama de Olivo, el rey Jorge emite una Proclamación de Rebelión contra las colonias estadounidenses.
• 29 de agosto – 12 de septiembre – El huracán Independence desde Carolina del Sur hasta Nueva Escocia mata a 4.170 personas, en su mayoría pescadores y marineros.
• 25 de septiembre – Revolución estadounidense: Sitio de Fort St. Jean – Batalla de Longue-Pointe : Las fuerzas revolucionarias de las Trece Colonias bajo el mando del mayor Ethan Allen atacan Montreal, en Quebec, bajo el mando del general británico Guy Carleton . Las fuerzas de Allen son derrotadas y el propio Allen es capturado y retenido en barcos británicos hasta que es liberado.
• Octubre – Los conspiradores de Sayre intentan secuestrar a Jorge III del Reino Unido .
• 13 de octubre – Revolución estadounidense: el Congreso Continental ordena la creación de la Armada Continental (más tarde la Armada de los Estados Unidos ).
• 26 de octubre – Revolución estadounidense: Jorge III anuncia al Parlamento que las colonias estadounidenses están en un levantamiento y deben ser tratadas como corresponde.
• Noviembre – Revolución estadounidense: los revolucionarios de Carolina del Sur del coronel Richard Richardson marchan a través del Distrito Noventa y Seis en lo que se conoce como la Campaña de la Nieve , poniendo fin de manera efectiva a todo apoyo importante a la causa leal en el interior de Carolina del Sur.
• 7 de noviembre - Revolución estadounidense: John Murray, cuarto conde de Dunmore , gobernador real británico de la colonia de Virginia , firma la Proclamación de Dunmore , declarando la ley marcial y ofreciendo libertad a los esclavos de los patriotas que huyen de sus dueños y se unen a las fuerzas leales (proclamación formal el 15 de noviembre), perdiendo así el apoyo de los plantadores que ven a los esclavos como su sustento vital.
• 10 de noviembre – Revolución estadounidense: el Congreso Continental aprueba una resolución que crea los Marines Continentales para servir como tropas de desembarco para la recientemente creada Armada Continental (los Marines se disuelven al final de la guerra en abril de 1783 , pero se reforman el 11 de julio de 1798 como el Cuerpo de Marines de los Estados Unidos ).
• 13 de noviembre – Revolución estadounidense: Batalla de Montreal . Las fuerzas estadounidenses al mando del general de brigada Richard Montgomery capturan Montreal . El general británico Guy Carleton escapa a Quebec .
• 17 de noviembre – La ciudad de Kuopio , Finlandia (que en ese momento pertenecía a Suecia ) es fundada por el rey Gustavo III de Suecia .
• 5 de diciembre – Revolución Americana: Henry Knox comienza su viaje a Cambridge, Massachusetts, con la artillería que ha sido capturada de Fort Ticonderoga .
• 31 de diciembre – Revolución estadounidense: Batalla de Quebec – Las fuerzas británicas rechazan un ataque de los generales del Ejército Continental Richard Montgomery y Benedict Arnold en Quebec ; Montgomery muere.

• Revolución industrial en Gran Bretaña .
  • La patente de la máquina de vapor de James Watt de 1769 se extiende hasta junio de 1800 por una ley del Parlamento y se construyen las primeras máquinas bajo ella. ^{[77] [78]}
  • John Wilkinson inventa y patenta un nuevo tipo de máquina perforadora .
• Catalina la Grande decreta un Estatuto para la Administración de las Provincias del Imperio Ruso dividiendo el país en provincias y distritos para un gobierno eficiente. ^[75]
• Una epidemia de viruela comienza en Nueva Inglaterra .
• El cono Tseax en el noroeste de Columbia Británica entra en erupción.
• El tifón Liengkieki devasta el atolón de Pingelap en el Pacífico .
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart escribe sus cinco conciertos para violín en Salzburgo aproximadamente en esta fecha.
• Se inaugura el Teatro Calcuta .
• Shneur Zalman de Liadi funda la dinastía judía jasídica Jabad -Lubavitch.
• Fecha probable: Jeanne Baret regresa a Francia y se convierte en la primera mujer en completar una circunnavegación del globo.

• 1 de enero – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Incendio de Norfolk : La ciudad de Norfolk, Virginia , es destruida por las acciones combinadas de la Marina Real Británica y las fuerzas patriotas de ocupación .
• 10 de enero – Revolución estadounidense – Thomas Paine publica su panfleto Sentido común , en el que aboga por la independencia del dominio británico en las Trece Colonias . ^[79]
• 20 de enero – Revolución estadounidense – Los leales de Carolina del Sur liderados por Robert Cunningham firman una petición desde la prisión, aceptando todas las demandas de paz del gobierno estatal formado en Carolina del Sur.
• 24 de enero – Revolución Americana – Henry Knox llega a Cambridge, Massachusetts , con la artillería que ha transportado desde Fort Ticonderoga .
• 17 de febrero – Edward Gibbon publica el primer volumen de La historia de la decadencia y caída del Imperio Romano .
• 27 de febrero – Revolución estadounidense – Batalla del puente Moore's Creek : los leales escoceses de Carolina del Norte cargan a través del puente Moore's Creek cerca de Wilmington para atacar lo que creen erróneamente que es una pequeña fuerza de rebeldes. Varios líderes mueren en la batalla subsiguiente. La victoria patriota ^[80] prácticamente pone fin a toda la autoridad británica en la provincia.

• Marzo – Se levantan las restricciones al comercio de cereales en Suecia .
• 2 y 3 de marzo : Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos :
  • Batalla de Nassau : La Armada Continental estadounidense y los marines realizan un exitoso asalto a Nassau, Bahamas .
  • Batalla de los barcos arroceros : los patriotas estadounidenses resisten a la Marina Real en el río Savannah ; se pierde el control británico sobre la provincia de Georgia .
• 4 de marzo – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Los patriotas estadounidenses capturan Dorchester Heights y dominan el puerto de Boston .
• 9 de marzo – El economista escocés Adam Smith publica La riqueza de las naciones en Londres.
• 17 de marzo – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Amenazados por los cañones Patriot en Dorchester Heights , los británicos evacúan Boston , poniendo fin al asedio de Boston que duró 11 meses . ^[80]
• 28 de marzo
  • Juan Bautista de Anza encuentra el sitio para el Presidio de San Francisco .
  • El Ballet Bolshoi , un grupo de ballet conocido mundialmente , fundado en Moscú , Rusia . ^{[ página necesaria ]}
• 12 de abril – Revolución estadounidense – La Colonia Real de Carolina del Norte produce las Resoluciones de Halifax , convirtiéndose en la primera colonia británica en autorizar oficialmente a sus delegados del Congreso Continental a votar por la independencia del Reino de Gran Bretaña .
• 27 de abril : Jeongjo se convierte en el rey de Joseon tras la muerte de su abuelo Yeongjo .

• 1 de mayo – Adam Weishaupt funda los Illuminati en Ingolstadt , Baviera .
• 4 de mayo – Rhode Island se convierte en la primera colonia estadounidense en renunciar a su lealtad al rey Jorge III de Gran Bretaña .
• 15 – 26 de mayo – Revolución Americana – Batalla de los Cedros : Las fuerzas británicas se enfrentan al Ejército Continental estadounidense alrededor de Les Cèdres, Quebec .
• 6 de junio – Un incendio destruye gran parte de la ciudad de Askersund , Suecia . ^[81]
• 7 de junio – Revolución estadounidense – Richard Henry Lee de Virginia propone al Segundo Congreso Continental (reunido en Filadelfia) que "estas colonias unidas son, y por derecho deben ser, estados libres e independientes".
• 8 de junio – Revolución Americana – Batalla de Trois-Rivières : El Ejército Continental estadounidense invasor es rechazado en Trois-Rivières, Quebec .
• 10 de junio – Muerte del rey Hsinbyushin de la dinastía Konbaung .
• 11 de junio – Revolución Americana – El Congreso Continental designa un Comité de Cinco para redactar una Declaración de Independencia .
• 12 de junio – Revolución Americana – La Convención de Delegados de Virginia adopta la Declaración de Derechos de Virginia (de George Mason ).
• 15 de junio – Revolución Americana – Día de la Separación de Delaware: La Asamblea General de Delaware vota para suspender el gobierno bajo la Corona británica.
• 17 de junio – El teniente José Joaquín Moraga lidera un grupo de colonos del Presidio de Monterey , desembarca el 29 de junio y, con el padre Francisco Palóu , construye la Misión San Francisco de Asís ("Misión Dolores") del nuevo Presidio de San Francisco , el edificio más antiguo que se conserva en la ciudad moderna.
• 28 de junio – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de la Isla Sullivan : la milicia de Carolina del Sur repele un ataque británico en Charleston .
• 29 de junio – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Turtle Gut Inlet : La Armada Continental estadounidense desafía con éxito el bloqueo de la Armada Real británica frente a Nueva Jersey .

• 2 de julio – Revolución estadounidense – Se redacta la Declaración de Independencia final de los Estados Unidos (con pequeñas modificaciones). El Congreso Continental aprueba la Resolución Lee .
• 4 de julio – Revolución estadounidense – Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : El Congreso Continental ratifica la declaración de los Estados Unidos de su independencia del Reino de Gran Bretaña . ^[82]
• 8 de julio – Revolución Americana – La Campana de la Libertad suena en Filadelfia, para la primera lectura pública de la Declaración de Independencia.
• 9 de julio – Revolución estadounidense – Una multitud furiosa en la ciudad de Nueva York derriba la estatua ecuestre de Jorge III de Gran Bretaña en Bowling Green .
• 12 de julio – El capitán James Cook parte de Plymouth , Inglaterra, en el HMS Resolution en su tercer viaje , al Océano Pacífico y el Ártico , que será fatal.
• 21 de julio – Se interpreta por primera vez la Serenata n.º 7 de Mozart (la "Haffner") en Salzburgo , Austria.
• 29 de julio – Expedición Domínguez-Escalante : Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez y otros ocho españoles parten de Santa Fe en un viaje de mil ochocientas millas por el suroeste de Estados Unidos. Son los primeros europeos en explorar la vasta región entre las Montañas Rocosas y las Sierras. ^[83]
• 1 de agosto – Se establece el Virreinato del Río de la Plata en el sur de Sudamérica.
• 2 de agosto – La mayoría de las colonias americanas ratifican la Declaración de Independencia .
• 15 de agosto – Revolución estadounidense – Las primeras tropas hessianas desembarcan en Staten Island para unirse a las fuerzas británicas.
• 25 de agosto – Muere el filósofo e historiador escocés David Hume .
• 27 de agosto – Revolución Americana – Batalla de Long Island : Las tropas de Washington son derrotadas en Brooklyn por los británicos, bajo el mando de William Howe .
• Agosto – Se funda en París la organización gremial Marchandes de moments .

• 1 de septiembre – Guerras entre los cheroquis y los estadounidenses : comienza la invasión de la Nación Cherokee por parte de 6000 tropas patriotas de Virginia, Carolina del Norte y Carolina del Sur. Las tropas destruyen 36 pueblos cheroquis. ^[83]
• 6 de septiembre – Un huracán golpea Guadalupe y mata a más de 6.000 personas.
• 7 de septiembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Primer ataque submarino del mundo : el sumergible estadounidense Turtle intenta colocar una bomba de tiempo en el casco del buque insignia del almirante británico Richard Howe , el HMS  Eagle , en el puerto de Nueva York .
• 9 de septiembre – El Congreso Continental nombra oficialmente a su unión de estados como Estados Unidos (anteriormente las Colonias Unidas ). ^{[84] [85] [86] [87] [88]}
• 11 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos – Se celebra una conferencia de paz fallida entre británicos y estadounidenses en Staten Island .
• 15 de septiembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Desembarco en la bahía de Kip : las tropas británicas desembarcan en Manhattan en la bahía de Kips . ^[80]

• 16 de septiembre – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – Batalla de Harlem Heights : El Ejército Continental bajo el mando de Washington obtiene la victoria contra los británicos en Manhattan.
• 17 de septiembre – Se funda el Presidio de San Francisco en Nueva España.
• 22 de septiembre – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – Nathan Hale es ejecutado por los británicos en la ciudad de Nueva York por espionaje.
• 24 de septiembre
  • La primera carrera de caballos St Leger Stakes ^[82] (aún sin nombre) en Inglaterra, la primera de las carreras clásicas británicas , ideada por Anthony St Leger (oficial del ejército británico) , se lleva a cabo en Cantley Common en Doncaster . La ganadora es una potranca (más tarde llamada Allabaculia ) propiedad del organizador, el segundo marqués de Rockingham .
  • La compañía del Teatro Bolshoi organiza su primera temporada anual de ópera , con la apertura del Teatro Bolshoi Kamenny en San Petersburgo , Rusia. ^[89]
• 7 de octubre – El príncipe heredero Pablo de Rusia se casa con Sofía Dorotea de Wurtemberg .
• 9 de octubre – El padre Francisco Palóu funda la Misión San Francisco de Asís , en lo que hoy es San Francisco .
• 11 de octubre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de la isla Valcour : en el lago Champlain , cerca de la isla Valcour , una flota británica liderada por Sir Guy Carleton derrota a 15 cañoneras estadounidenses, comandadas por el general de brigada Benedict Arnold . Aunque casi todos los barcos de Arnold son destruidos, la batalla de dos días de duración dará a las fuerzas patriotas tiempo suficiente para preparar las defensas de la ciudad de Nueva York.
• 18 de octubre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Pell’s Point : Tropas del Ejército Continental estadounidense resisten a una fuerza británica y hessiana en el Bronx .
• 28 de octubre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de White Plains : las fuerzas británicas llegan a White Plains, atacan y capturan Chatterton Hill de los estadounidenses. ^[80]
• 31 de octubre – En su primer discurso ante el Parlamento británico desde la Declaración de Independencia de ese verano, el rey Jorge III reconoce que no todo va bien para Gran Bretaña en la guerra con los Estados Unidos.

• 16 de noviembre
  • Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Fort Washington : las fuerzas de Hesse al mando del teniente general Wilhelm von Knyphausen capturan Fort Washington (Manhattan) del Ejército Continental estadounidense .
  • El capitán del buque de guerra estadounidense Andrew Doria dispara un saludo a la bandera holandesa en Fort Oranje , y Johannes de Graaff responde con 11 disparos de cañón. ^[90]
• 20 de noviembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Fort Lee : La invasión de Nueva Jersey , por fuerzas británicas y hessianas, conduce a la posterior retirada general del Ejército Continental estadounidense.
• 5 de diciembre – Se funda la Sociedad Phi Beta Kappa en el College of William & Mary en Virginia .
• 6 de diciembre : la Asamblea General de Virginia vota para crear el condado de Kentucky como la parte del condado de Fincastle de la colonia que se encuentra al oeste de las montañas Cumberland . ^[91] En 1792, el condado se convertirá en el decimoquinto estado de los Estados Unidos como la Mancomunidad de Kentucky . El resto del condado de Fincastle, entre las montañas Blue Ridge y los Apalaches, se divide en el primer condado que lleva el nombre de George Washington ( condado de Washington, Virginia ) en el sur a lo largo de la frontera con la colonia de Carolina del Norte , y el condado de Montgomery en el norte. Las divisiones entran en vigor el 31 de diciembre. ^[92]
• 7 de diciembre – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – El marqués de Lafayette intenta ingresar al ejército estadounidense como general de división.
• 12 de diciembre – El segundo Congreso Continental finaliza después de una sesión que comenzó el 10 de mayo de 1775 y continuó durante 582 días. ^[93]
• 19 de diciembre – Revolución estadounidense – Thomas Paine , que vive con las tropas de Washington, publica el primero de una serie de panfletos sobre la crisis estadounidense en The Pennsylvania Journal , comenzando con la conmovedora frase: "Estos son los tiempos que ponen a prueba el alma de los hombres".
• 21 de diciembre – Revolución estadounidense . La colonia real de Carolina del Norte se reorganiza y se convierte en el estado de Carolina del Norte después de adoptar su propia constitución. Richard Caswell se convierte en el primer gobernador del estado recién formado.

• 25 de diciembre – Revolución estadounidense – A las 6 p. m., el general George Washington y sus tropas, que suman 2400, marchan hacia McConkey's Ferry , cruzan el río Delaware y desembarcan en la orilla de Nueva Jersey a las 3 a. m. de la mañana siguiente.
• 26 de diciembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Trenton : Las tropas de Washington sorprenden a las 1.500 tropas hessianas bajo el mando del coronel Johann Rall a las 8 a. m. en las afueras de Trenton y obtienen una victoria, ^[80] tomando 948 prisioneros y sufriendo solo cinco heridos.

• Adlan II se convierte en gobernante del Reino de Sennar .
• Se venden los primeros ejemplares comerciales de la máquina de vapor de Watt . ^{[94] [95]}

• 2 de enero – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Assunpink Creek : el ejército del general estadounidense George Washington rechaza un ataque británico del teniente general Charles Cornwallis , en una segunda batalla en Trenton, Nueva Jersey .
• 3 de enero – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – Batalla de Princeton : el ejército del general estadounidense George Washington derrota a las tropas británicas.
• 13 de enero – Se funda la Misión Santa Clara de Asís en lo que se convierte en Santa Clara, California .
• 15 de enero – Vermont declara su independencia de Nueva York, convirtiéndose en la República de Vermont , un país independiente, estatus que conserva hasta unirse a los Estados Unidos como el 14.º estado en 1791 .
• 21 de enero – El Congreso Continental aprueba una resolución "para que se envíe una copia no auténtica, con los nombres de los firmantes de la Declaración de Independencia , a cada uno de los Estados Unidos". ^[96]
• 5 de febrero : en virtud de la 1.ª Constitución de Georgia , se crean 8 condados: Burke , Camden , Chatham , Effingham , Glynn , Liberty , Richmond y Wilkes . Esto disuelve las parroquias existentes de St. George, St. Mary's, St. Thomas, St. Phillip, Christ Church, St. David, St. Matthews, St. Andrew, St. James, St. Johns y St. Paul. ^[97]
• 24 de febrero – Muere el rey José I de Portugal , y es sucedido por su hija María I de Portugal , y su hermano y yerno Pedro III de Portugal .
• 4 de marzo – El Cuarto Congreso Continental, con John Hancock como presidente, inicia una sesión de 199 días en Filadelfia , que durará hasta el 18 de septiembre ^{. [96]}
• 29 – 30 de marzo – Tercer viaje de James Cook : el explorador inglés Capitán Cook descubre Mangaia y Atiu en las Islas Cook . ^[98]

• 1 de abril – La compañía teatral Seyler de Leipzig estrena la obra Sturm und Drang de Friedrich Maximilian Klinger , que da nombre a todo el movimiento Sturm und Drang en la literatura alemana .
• 13 de abril – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Bound Brook : Una fuerza británica y hessiana liderada por Charles Cornwallis sorprende a un puesto avanzado del Ejército Continental en Nueva Jersey , comandado por el mayor general Benjamin Lincoln .
• 27 de abril – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Ridgefield : El ejército británico derrota a las milicias patriotas , galvanizando la resistencia en la colonia de Connecticut .
• 8 de mayo – La comedia de costumbres de Richard Brinsley Sheridan , The School for Scandal , se representa por primera vez en el Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, en Londres. ^[99]
• 16 de mayo : Lachlan McIntosh y Button Gwinnett se disparan durante un duelo cerca de Savannah, Georgia . Gwinnett, uno de los firmantes de la Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos , muere tres días después.
• 13 de junio – Revolución Americana : El marqués de Lafayette desembarca cerca de Georgetown, Carolina del Sur , para ayudar al Congreso Continental a entrenar a su ejército.

• 14 de junio – El Congreso Continental adopta la bandera de las barras y estrellas como bandera de los Estados Unidos .
• 21 de junio – La segunda edición de la Encyclopædia Britannica comienza a publicarse en Edimburgo .

• 6 de julio – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Asedio de Fort Ticonderoga : después de un bombardeo de la artillería británica al mando del general John Burgoyne , las fuerzas estadounidenses se retiran de Fort Ticonderoga , Nueva York .
• 7 de julio – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Hubbardton : las fuerzas británicas capturan a más de 200 soldados de la retaguardia estadounidense del Fuerte Ticonderoga.
• 8 de julio – Se firma la Constitución de Vermont de 1777, que abolió oficialmente la esclavitud.
• 6 de agosto – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Oriskany : los leales obtienen una victoria táctica sobre los patriotas ; los iroqueses luchan en ambos bandos.
• 16 de agosto – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Bennington : las fuerzas británicas y de Brunswick son derrotadas decisivamente por las tropas estadounidenses en Walloomsac, Nueva York .
• 22 de agosto – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – El asedio de Fort Stanwix finaliza con la retirada de las fuerzas británicas, tras una artimaña de Benedict Arnold para persuadirlas de que llega una fuerza mucho mayor.
• 3 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla del Puente de Cooch : las fuerzas británicas y hessianas derrotan a una milicia estadounidense en una escaramuza menor en el condado de New Castle, Delaware .
• 11 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Brandywine : Los británicos obtienen una importante victoria en el condado de Chester , Pensilvania . ^[100]
• 19 de septiembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Primera Batalla de Saratoga ( Batalla de Freeman's Farm ): las fuerzas patriotas resisten un ataque británico en Saratoga, Nueva York. ^[101]
• 26 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Las tropas británicas ocupan Filadelfia ; los miembros del Congreso Continental huyen a Lancaster, Pensilvania , donde se reúnen y celebran una sesión de un día como el Quinto Congreso antes de huir nuevamente. ^[96]
• 30 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – El Sexto Congreso Continental abre su sesión en York, Pensilvania , y continúa durante 272 días hasta el 27 de junio de 1778. ^[96]
• 4 de octubre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Germantown : Las tropas al mando de George Washington son repelidas por las tropas británicas al mando de Sir William Howe .
• 6 de octubre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de los fuertes Clinton y Montgomery : las tropas británicas capturan el fuerte Clinton y el fuerte Montgomery (río Hudson) y logran desmantelar la cadena del río Hudson .
• 7 de octubre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Segunda Batalla de Saratoga ( Batalla de Bemis Heights ): el general británico John Burgoyne es derrotado por las tropas estadounidenses.
• 17 de octubre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Saratoga : El general británico John Burgoyne se rinde ante las tropas estadounidenses.
• 15 de noviembre – Revolución estadounidense : después de 16 meses de debate, el Congreso Continental aprueba los Artículos de la Confederación , en la capital temporal estadounidense en York, Pensilvania .
• 17 de noviembre – Revolución Americana : Los Artículos de la Confederación se envían a los estados para su ratificación.
• 29 de noviembre – Se funda San José, California . Es el primer pueblo de la Alta California española .
• 18 de diciembre : Estados Unidos celebra su primer Día de Acción de Gracias , en conmemoración de la victoria de los rebeldes estadounidenses en octubre sobre el general británico John Burgoyne en Saratoga.
• 19 de diciembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – El Ejército Continental de George Washington se establece en sus cuarteles de invierno en Valley Forge, Pensilvania .
• 20 de diciembre – Marruecos reconoce a Estados Unidos como Estado soberano.
• 24 de diciembre – Tercer viaje de James Cook : el explorador inglés Capitán Cook localiza Kiritimati (Isla de Navidad).
• 30 de diciembre – Maximiliano III José, elector de Baviera, muere y es sucedido por su primo lejano Carlos Teodoro, elector de Baviera .

• El código duelo se adopta en las sesiones de verano de Clonmel como forma de duelo con pistola entre caballeros en Irlanda. Se denuncia rápidamente, pero se adopta ampliamente en todo el mundo angloparlante.
• Se funda en Alemania la Kunsthochschule Kassel como academia de bellas artes.
• Se funda Det Dramatiske Selskab en Copenhague (Dinamarca) como academia de interpretación.
• Jorge II Federico es coronado como rey del Reino Miskito .

• 18 de enero – Tercer viaje de James Cook : el capitán James Cook , con los barcos HMS Resolution y HMS Discovery , visita primero Oʻahu y luego Kauaʻi en las islas hawaianas del océano Pacífico, a las que llama Islas Sandwich .
• 5 de febrero – En Estados Unidos:
  • Carolina del Sur se convierte en el primer estado en ratificar los Artículos de la Confederación .
  • El general John Cadwalader dispara y hiere gravemente al mayor general Thomas Conway en un duelo después de una disputa entre los dos oficiales por las continuas críticas de Conway al liderazgo del general George Washington en el Ejército Continental . ^[102]
• 6 de febrero – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos : en París, Estados Unidos y Francia firman el Tratado de Alianza y el Tratado de Amistad y Comercio , lo que señala el reconocimiento oficial francés de la nueva república.
• 23 de febrero – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos : Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben llega a Valley Forge , Pensilvania , y comienza a entrenar a las tropas estadounidenses.
• 6 de marzo – 24 de octubre : el capitán Cook explora y mapea la costa noroeste del Pacífico de América del Norte, desde Cabo Foulweather ( Oregón ) hasta el estrecho de Bering .
• 10 de marzo – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : George Washington aprueba la baja deshonrosa del teniente Frederick Gotthold Enslin , por "intentar cometer sodomía, con John Monhort como soldado".

• 7 de abril – El ex primer ministro británico William Pitt pronuncia su último discurso ante el Parlamento y habla ante la Cámara de los Lores "apasionadamente pero incoherentemente contra la concesión de la independencia" a las colonias estadounidenses, pero se desploma durante el debate y muere cinco semanas después. ^[103]
• 12 de abril – El rey Jorge III designa a la Comisión de Paz Carlisle, compuesta por cinco miembros, para presentar los términos de paz para negociar el fin de la rebelión de las 13 colonias americanas de Gran Bretaña. ^[104]
• 30 de abril – La cadena del río Hudson , de 550 m (1800 pies) de largo , diseñada para evitar que los barcos británicos avanzaran río arriba hacia West Point, Nueva York, se extiende a lo largo del río y es anclada por un equipo de ingenieros bajo la dirección del capitán Thomas Machin. ^[105]
• 12 de mayo : Enrique XI, príncipe de Reuss-Greiz, es elevado a príncipe del Principado de Reuss-Greiz por José II, emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico . Este año, por primera vez, aparecen los colores nacionales de Alemania en una bandera que se parece mucho a la bandera de Alemania en la actualidad en cualquier lugar de la Alemania actual.
• 30 de mayo – Benedict Arnold firma el Juramento de Lealtad de los Estados Unidos en Valley Forge . ^[106]
• 24 de junio – Un eclipse solar total tendrá lugar en partes de América del Norte, desde Texas hasta Virginia .
• 28 de junio – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Batalla de Monmouth – El Ejército Continental de George Washington lucha contra el ejército del general británico Sir Henry Clinton y termina empatado, cerca del condado de Monmouth, Nueva Jersey .
• Junio ​​– Comienza la guerra anglo-francesa (1778-1783) .

• 3 de julio – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : La batalla de Wyoming tiene lugar cerca de Wilkes-Barre, Pensilvania , y termina en una terrible derrota para los colonos locales. ^[107]
• 4 de julio – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos : George Rogers Clark toma Kaskaskia .
• 10 de julio – Luis XVI de Francia declara la guerra al Reino de Gran Bretaña .
• 26 de julio – En el Imperio ruso comienza la emigración forzada de cristianos de Crimea a Priazovia . ^[108]
• 27 de julio – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Primera batalla de Ushant – Las flotas británica y francesa luchan hasta llegar a un punto muerto.
• 3 de agosto : se inaugura la Ópera La Scala de Milán , con el estreno de Europa riconosciuta de Antonio Salieri .
• 26 de agosto : Triglav , a 2.864 metros (9.396 pies) sobre el nivel del mar, el pico más alto de Eslovenia , es ascendido por primera vez por cuatro hombres: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič y Lovrenc Willomitzer, por iniciativa de Sigmund Zois .
• 29 de agosto – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : tiene lugar la batalla de Rhode Island , tácticamente inconclusa, tras la cual el Ejército Continental abandona su posición en la isla Aquidneck .
• Septiembre – Se aprueba la Ley de Destierro de Massachusetts , que establece castigos para los leales .
• 7 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Invasión de Dominica – Los franceses capturan el fuerte británico allí, antes de que estos sepan que Francia ha entrado en la guerra en la alianza franco-estadounidense .
• 17 de septiembre – Se firma el Tratado de Fort Pitt , el primer tratado formal entre Estados Unidos y una tribu nativa americana (los lenape o delaware).
• 19 de septiembre – El Congreso Continental aprueba el primer presupuesto de los Estados Unidos .

• 12 de octubre – El Congreso Continental aconseja a los 13 estados miembros que supriman “los entretenimientos teatrales, las carreras de caballos, los juegos de azar y otras diversiones que produzcan ociosidad, disipación y depravación general de principios y costumbres”. ^[102]

• 11 de noviembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Masacre de Cherry Valley – Las fuerzas británicas y sus aliados iroqueses atacan un fuerte y el pueblo de Cherry Valley, Nueva York, matando a 14 soldados y 30 civiles.
• 26 de noviembre
  • En las islas hawaianas , el capitán James Cook se convierte en el primer europeo en desembarcar en Maui .
  • Nueva Jersey se convierte en el segundo estado en aceptar los Artículos de la Confederación . ^[102]
• 10 de diciembre – John Jay de Nueva York es elegido como el sexto presidente del Congreso Continental . ^[102]
• 29 de diciembre – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Toma de Savannah – Las fuerzas británicas al mando de Archibald Campbell toman la ciudad de Savannah, Georgia .

• El primer asentamiento se realiza en el área de la actual Louisville, Kentucky , por 13 familias bajo el mando del coronel George Rogers Clark .
• La Academia Phillips es fundada en Massachusetts por Samuel Phillips Jr.
• El término pura sangre se utiliza por primera vez en los Estados Unidos, en un anuncio en un periódico de Kentucky , para describir a un semental de Nueva Jersey llamado Pilgarlick.
• El libro de Thomas Kitchin El estado actual de las Indias Occidentales: que contiene una descripción precisa de qué partes están poseídas por las diversas potencias en Europa se publica en Londres. ^[109]
• La ciudad de Ulán Bator está asentada en su ubicación actual y ha funcionado como asentamiento monástico móvil desde 1639.

• 11 de enero
  • Las tropas británicas se rinden ante los marathas en Wadgaon , India, y se ven obligadas a devolver todos los territorios adquiridos desde 1773 .
  • Ching-Thang Khomba es coronado rey de Manipur .
• 22 de enero – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Claudius Smith es ahorcado en Goshen , Condado de Orange, Nueva York, por supuestos actos de terrorismo contra la gente de las comunidades circundantes.
• 29 de enero : después de una segunda petición de partición por parte de sus residentes, la Asamblea General de Carolina del Norte suprime el condado de Bute ( fundado en 1764 ) al dividirlo y nombrar la parte norte como condado de Warren (en honor al héroe de la Guerra de la Independencia Joseph Warren ) y la parte sur como condado de Franklin (en honor a Benjamin Franklin ). La Asamblea General también establece que Warrenton (también llamado así por Joseph Warren) sea la sede del condado de Warren y que Louisburg (nombrado así por Luis XVI de Francia ) sea la sede del condado de Franklin.
• 12 de febrero – El teniente coronel Francisco Bouligny llega con colonos malagueños a Bayou Teche , para establecer la ciudad de Nueva Iberia, Luisiana .
• 14 de febrero – El capitán James Cook muere en las Islas Sandwich , en su tercer viaje.
• 1 de marzo – Toma y saqueo de Vientiane por fuerzas siamesas.
• 10 de marzo – Se firma el Tratado de Aynalıkavak entre la Turquía otomana y el Imperio ruso , respecto del Kanato de Crimea .

• 12 de abril – España y Francia firman en secreto la Convención de Aranjuez , y España se une a una alianza contra Gran Bretaña a cambio del compromiso de Francia de recuperar todo el territorio español perdido ante los británicos. ^[110]
• 13 de mayo – Guerra de Sucesión de Baviera – Los mediadores rusos y franceses en el Congreso de Teschen negocian el fin de la guerra. En el acuerdo, Austria recibe una parte del territorio bávaro (el Innviertel ) y renuncia al resto.
• 1 de junio – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – Benedict Arnold es sometido a juicio militar por malversación de fondos gubernamentales.
• 16 de junio – Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos – En apoyo de Francia, España declara la guerra a Gran Bretaña.
• 21 de junio – El rey Carlos III de España emite una declaración de guerra contra Gran Bretaña. ^[111]

• 16 de julio
  • Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos : las fuerzas de los Estados Unidos, lideradas por el general Anthony Wayne , capturan Stony Point, Nueva York, de manos de las tropas británicas.
  • Rescripto declaratorio de la nación ilírica emitido para regular la organización de la Iglesia Ortodoxa Oriental en la monarquía de los Habsburgo .
• 20 de julio – Tekle Giyorgis I comienza el primero de sus cinco reinados como emperador de Etiopía .
• 22 de julio – Batalla de Minisink : La milicia de Goshen es destruida por las fuerzas de Joseph Brant .
• 24 de julio – Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Las fuerzas estadounidenses, lideradas por el comodoro Dudley Saltonstall , lanzan la Expedición Penobscot en lo que ahora es Castine , Maine, lo que resulta en la peor derrota naval en la historia de los EE. UU. (hasta Pearl Harbor ).
• Julio – Comienza el Gran Asedio de Gibraltar (decimocuarto y último asedio militar). Se trata de una acción de las fuerzas francesas y españolas para arrebatar el control de Gibraltar a la guarnición británica establecida. La guarnición, liderada por George Augustus Eliott (más tarde primer barón Heathfield de Gibraltar), sobrevive a todos los ataques y a un bloqueo de suministros.
• Septiembre
  • Batalla de Baton Rouge – Las tropas españolas al mando de Bernardo de Gálvez capturan la ciudad de los británicos.
  • Comienza el Gran Asedio de Gibraltar , el asedio más largo sufrido por las Fuerzas Armadas Británicas .
• 14 y 15 de septiembre : Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos : Little Beard's Town , un bastión leal, es incendiado por la expedición Sullivan .
• 23 de septiembre – Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Batalla de Flamborough Head – El barco estadounidense Bonhomme Richard , comandado por John Paul Jones , se enfrenta al barco británico HMS  Serapis . El Bonhomme Richard se hunde, pero los estadounidenses abordan el Serapis y otros barcos y obtienen la victoria.
• 28 de septiembre – Samuel Huntington es elegido séptimo presidente del Congreso Continental . ^[93]

• 1 de octubre – La ciudad de Tampere , Finlandia (perteneciente a Suecia en ese momento) es fundada por el rey Gustavo III de Suecia .
• 4 de octubre – Se produce el motín de Fort Wilson contra James Wilson y otros en Filadelfia .
• 2 de noviembre : La Asamblea General de Carolina del Norte crea un nuevo condado a partir del condado de Dobbs , Carolina del Norte, y lo nombra condado de Wayne , en honor al general estadounidense Anthony Wayne .
• 13 de diciembre : Alexandre, vizconde de Beauharnais, se casa con Joséphine Tascher .
• 25 de diciembre – James Robertson funda Fort Nashborough (que más tarde se convertiría en Nashville, Tennessee ) .
• 31 de diciembre – Asunto de Fielding y Bylandt : tras un breve enfrentamiento naval entre británicos y holandeses frente a la isla de Wight , los buques mercantes y navales holandeses son capturados y llevados a Portsmouth , Inglaterra.

• Revolución industrial en Inglaterra:
  • Se construye el Puente de Hierro sobre el río Severn en Shropshire , el primer puente del mundo construido íntegramente en hierro fundido . ^[112] Se abrirá al tráfico el 1 de enero de 1781. ^[113]
  • La mula giratoria fue perfeccionada por el inventor de Lancashire, Samuel Crompton . ^[113]
  • La máquina Smethwick de Boulton y Watt , actualmente la máquina en funcionamiento más antigua del mundo, entra en servicio ( mayo ).
• Un estudio conjunto hispano-portugués de la cuenca del Amazonas comienza a determinar el límite entre las posesiones coloniales en América del Sur; continúa hasta 1795 .

1770

• 21 de febrero : Georges Mouton , mariscal de Francia (f. 1838 )
• 2 de marzo – Louis-Gabriel Suchet , mariscal de Francia (f. 1826 )
• 20 de marzo : Friedrich Hölderlin , escritor alemán (f. 1843 )
• 3 de abril : Theodoros Kolokotronis , general griego (f. 1843 ).
• 7 de abril : William Wordsworth , poeta inglés (f. 1850 )
• 8 de abril : John Campbell , funcionario público y político australiano (f. 1830 ).
• 11 de abril : George Canning , primer ministro del Reino Unido (f. 1827 )
• 25 de abril : Georg Sverdrup , filólogo noruego (f. 1850 )
• 30 de abril – David Thompson , explorador anglocanadiense (f. 1857 )
• 10 de mayo : Louis-Nicolas Davout , mariscal de Francia (f. 1823 ).
• 15 de mayo – Ezekiel Hart , empresario y político canadiense (f. 1843 )
• 27 de mayo : Ignaz Döllinger , anatomista y fisiólogo alemán (f. 1841 ).
• 29 de mayo : Charles Adams , segundo hijo del presidente John Adams (1735-1826) (f. 1800 )
• 1 de junio : Friedrich Laun , autor alemán (f. 1849 )

• 3 de junio – Manuel Belgrano , político argentino, general en la Guerra de la Independencia (f. 1820 )
• 4 de junio – Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll , condesa sueca, poeta y titular de un salón (f. 1835 )
• 7 de junio : Robert Jenkinson, segundo conde de Liverpool , primer ministro del Reino Unido (f. 1828 )
• 20 de junio : Moses Waddel , educador, ministro y autor de bestsellers estadounidense (f. 1840 )
• 1 de agosto : William Clark , explorador estadounidense, gobernador del territorio de Misuri y superintendente de Asuntos Indígenas (f. 1838 ).
• 3 de agosto : Federico Guillermo III de Prusia (fallecido en 1840 )
• 18 de agosto : Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer , erudita alemana (f. 1825 ).

• 27 de agosto : Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , filósofo alemán (f. 1831 ).
• 10 de octubre : Adam Johann von Krusenstern , explorador alemán del Báltico que dirigió la primera circunnavegación rusa (f. 1846 ).
• 18 de octubre : Thomas Phillips , pintor inglés (f. 1845 )
• 5 de noviembre : Sarah Guppy , inventora inglesa (f. 1852 )
• 19 de noviembre : Bertel Thorvaldsen , escultor danés-islandés (f. 1844 )

• 17 de diciembre (bautismo) : Ludwig van Beethoven , compositor clásico alemán (f. 1827 ).
• 18 de diciembre – Nicolas Joseph Maison , mariscal de Francia, ministro de Guerra (f. 1840 )

1771

• 14 de febrero : Hanne Tott , artista de circo y directora de circo danesa (f. 1826 )
• 16 de marzo – Antoine-Jean Gros , pintor francés (f. 1835 )
• 20 de marzo : Heinrich Clauren , escritor alemán (f. 1854 )
• 25 de marzo – Germanos III de la Antigua Patras , obispo metropolitano griego de Patras (f. 1826 )
• 3 de abril : Hans Nielsen Hauge , revitalizador y empresario noruego (f. 1824 ).
• 13 de abril : Richard Trevithick , inventor inglés (f. 1833 )
• 18 de abril : Karl Philipp, príncipe de Schwarzenberg , mariscal de campo austríaco (f. 1820 )
• 27 de abril : Jean Rapp , general francés (f. 1821 )
• 1 de mayo : Cajsa Wahllund , restaurador finlandés (f. 1843 ).
• 11 de mayo – Laskarina Bouboulina , heroína de la independencia griega (f. 1825 )

• 14 de mayo : Robert Owen , reformador social galés (f. 1858 )
• 16 de mayo : Louis Henri Loison , general francés (f. 1816 ).

• 5 de junio – Ernesto Augusto, rey de Hannover (f. 1851 )
• 24 de junio : Éleuthère Irénée du Pont , químico e industrial franco-estadounidense (f. 1834 ).
• 15 de agosto : Sir Walter Scott , novelista y poeta escocés (f. 1832 ) ^[114]
• 5 de septiembre : Archiduque Carlos de Austria , general y estadista austríaco (f. 1847 )
• 11 de septiembre – Mungo Park , explorador escocés (f. 1806 ) ^[115]
• 17 de septiembre : Johann August Apel , escritor y jurista alemán (f. 1816 ).
• 23 de septiembre : Emperador Kōkaku de Japón (f. 1840 )
• 9 de octubre : Federico Guillermo, duque de Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (f. 1815 ).
• 23 de octubre : Jean-Andoche Junot , general francés (f. 1813 )
• 14 de noviembre : Xavier Bichat , anatomista y patólogo francés (f. 1802 )
• 14 de diciembre : Regina von Siebold , médica y obstetra alemana (f. 1849 )
• 27 de diciembre : William Johnson , juez asociado de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos (f. 1834 ).
• Desconocido – William Lloyd , sacerdote anglicano galés convertido en maestro de escuela y predicador metodista (fallecido en 1841 )

1772

• 20 de enero – Angélique Brûlon , militar francesa, primera mujer caballero de la Legión de Honor francesa (f. 1859 )
• 30 de enero : Godfrey Higgins , arqueólogo británico (f. 1833 )
• 24 de febrero : William H. Crawford , político y juez estadounidense (f. 1834 ).
• 10 de marzo : Friedrich von Schlegel , poeta alemán (f. 1829 ).
• 15 de marzo : József Ficzkó , escritor croata del Burgenland (f. 1843 ).
• 4 de abril – Najman de Breslov , rabino jasídico y fundador del movimiento jasídico de Breslov (f. 1810 )
• 5 de abril : Domenico Puccini , compositor italiano (f. 1815 )
• 7 de abril – Charles Fourier , filósofo francés (f. 1837 ) ^[116]
• 18 de abril : David Ricardo , economista británico (f. 1823 )
• 30 de abril : Karl Gustav Himly , cirujano y oftalmólogo alemán (f. 1837 ).
• 2 de mayo : Novalis , poeta alemán (f. 1801 ).
• 20 de mayo : William Congreve , pionero británico de los cohetes (f. 1828 )
• 22 de mayo – Ram Mohan Roy , reformador religioso y social hindú (f. 1833 )
• 7 de junio – Aurora Liljenroth , erudita sueca (f. 1836 )
• 11 de julio : John Rodgers , oficial naval estadounidense (f. 1838 )
• 2 de agosto : Luis Antonio, duque de Enghien (f. 1804 ).
• 15 de agosto : Johann Nepomuk Mälzel , inventor alemán (f. 1838 ).

• 24 de agosto : rey Guillermo I de los Países Bajos (f. 1843 )
• 27 de septiembre : Martha Jefferson Randolph , primera dama interina de los Estados Unidos (1801-1809) (f. 1836 )
• 6 de octubre : Anna Maria Rüttimann-Meyer von Schauensee , peluquera suiza políticamente activa (f. 1856 )

• 21 de octubre : Samuel Taylor Coleridge , poeta y filósofo inglés (f. 1834 )
• 25 de octubre : Géraud Duroc , general francés (f. 1813 ).
• 5 de noviembre : Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière , almirante francés (f. 1849 ).
• 8 de noviembre – William Wirt , noveno fiscal general de los Estados Unidos (f. 1834 )
• 18 de noviembre – Luis Fernando de Prusia , príncipe alemán (f. 1806 )
• fecha desconocida
  • Thomas Noble , poeta y traductor inglés (fallecido en 1837 )
  • Tuanku Imam Bonjol , líder religioso y militar de Indonesia (f. 1864 )
• fecha aproximada
  • Charlotte Dacre , novelista gótica inglesa (f. 1825 )
  • Lalon , filósofo bengalí, santo baul, místico, compositor, reformador social y pensador (f. 1890 )

1773

• 14 de enero : William Amherst, primer conde de Amherst , embajador británico en China, gobernador general de la India (f. 1857 )
• 16 de enero : Robert Fullerton , gobernador de Penang, primer gobernador de los asentamientos británicos del estrecho (f. 1831 )
• 27 de enero : Príncipe Augusto de Gran Bretaña , duque de Sussex (f. 1843 )
• 29 de enero : Friedrich Mohs , geólogo y mineralogista alemán (f. 1839 ).

• 9 de febrero : William Henry Harrison , líder militar estadounidense y noveno presidente de los Estados Unidos (f. 1841 ).
• 14 de marzo : John Holmes , político estadounidense (f. 1843 ).
• 16 de marzo : Juan Ramón Balcarce , líder militar y político argentino (f. 1836 ).
• 26 de marzo : Nathaniel Bowditch , matemático estadounidense (f. 1838 ).
• 4 de abril – Étienne Maurice Gérard , primer ministro y mariscal de Francia (f. 1852 )
• 9 de abril
  • Étienne Aignan , escritor, libretista y dramaturgo francés (f. 1824 )
  • Marie Boivin , partera, inventora y escritora de obstetricia francesa (f. 1841 )
• 14 de abril : Jean-Baptiste de Villèle , primer ministro de Francia (f. 1854 ).
• 2 de mayo : Henrik Steffens , filósofo noruego (f. 1845 )
• 3 de mayo : Giuseppe Acerbi , explorador italiano (f. 1846 ).

• 15 de mayo : Príncipe Klemens Wenzel von Metternich , estadista austríaco (f. 1859 ).
• 19 de mayo : Arthur Aikin , químico y mineralogista inglés (f. 1854 )
• 31 de mayo : Ludwig Tieck , escritor alemán (f. 1853 )
• 13 de junio : Thomas Young , científico inglés (f. 1829 )
• 23 de julio : Thomas Brisbane , astrónomo escocés, gobernador de Nueva Gales del Sur (f. 1860 )
• August 12 – Karl Faber, German historian (d. 1853)
• August 22 – Aimé Bonpland, French explorer, botanist (d. 1858)
• September 17 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (d. 1849)

• October 4 – Harriet Auber, English poet, hymnist (d. 1862)
• October 6 – Louis Philippe I, King of the French (d. 1850)
• November 6 – Henry Hunt, British politician (d. 1835)
• November 24 – Shadrach Bond, American politician and the first governor of Illinois (d. 1832)
• December 9 – Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt, French general, diplomat (d. 1827)
• December 17 – Sylvain Charles Valée, Marshal of France (d. 1846)
• December 21 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (d. 1858)
• December 27 – Sir George Cayley, English aviation pioneer (d. 1857)
• Unknown – Johann Gottfried Arnold, German cellist (d. 1806)
• Unknown – Kyra Frosini, Greek heroine (d. 1800)
• Unknown – Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse
• Unknown – Anna Moór, Hungarian actress (d. 1841)

1774

• January 1
  • Lancelot Baugh Allen, Master of Dulwich College (d. 1845)
  • André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860)
  • Pietro Giordani, Italian writer (d. 1848)
  • James Johnson, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d. 1826)
  • William Piper, American politician (d. 1852)
• January 2 – Thomas Lynn, British soldier (d. 1847)
• January 3 – Juan Aldama, Jugador de Beisbole (d. 1811)
• January 4
  • Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1832)
  • Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d. 1850)
  • William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838)
• January 5 – George Chinnery, British artist (d. 1852)
• January 6
  • Ole Elias Holck, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d. 1842)
  • James McCall, American politician (d. 1856)
• January 7
  • Anna Bunina, Russian poet (d. 1829)
  • Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d. 1806)
• January 8 – John Gibbons, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844)
• January 10
  • Augustin de Macarty, American politician (d. 1844)
  • Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d. 1796)
  • William Stewart, British military officer (d. 1827)
• January 11
  • Antoine Drouot, French general (d. 1847)
  • Charles Henry Schwanfelder, British artist (d. 1837)
  • Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d. 1848)
• January 12 – William Cahoon, American politician (d. 1833)
• January 14 – Benjamin Aislabie, cricketer (d. 1842)
• January 16 – Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d. 1835)
• January 17
  • Marie-Thérèse Figueur, French writer (d. 1861)
  • Maria Theresa Kemble, British actress (d. 1838)
  • Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d. 1861)
• January 18
  • Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d. 1823)
  • James Millingen, British archaeologist (d. 1845)
• January 19
  • Edward Protheroe, British politician (d. 1856)
  • Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d. 1846)
• January 20 – Charles George Beauclerk, British Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
• January 21 – William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d. 1829)
• January 22 – Francesco Fuoco, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841)
• January 23 – Richard Southgate, American politician (d. 1857)
• January 24
  • Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d. 1861)
  • Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx, Belgian politician (d. 1863)
• January 25 – Jules-Paul Pasquier, French jurist (d. 1858)
• January 29
  • Olinthus Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1841)
  • Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1849)
• January 30 – Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1839)
• January 31
  • William Blake, British economist; (d. 1852)
  • William George Maton, English physician (d. 1835)
  • Thomas Veazey, American politician (d. 1842)
  • Phineas Waller, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)

• February 1
  • John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838)
  • Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d. 1840)
• February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d. 1828)
• February 3
  • Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d. 1854)
  • Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d. 1825)
• February 4 – Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist (d. 1820)
• February 5 – Juan Fermín de San Martín, Spanish military personnel (d. 1822)
• February 6 – Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d. 1823)
• February 7 – Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d. 1850)
• February 8
  • Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838)
  • Samuel Moore, American politician (d. 1861)
  • Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d. 1852)
• February 9
  • William Lattimore, American physician and politician (d. 1843)
  • Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843)
• February 11
  • Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d. 1854)
  • Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d. 1847)
• February 12 – Valentin Stanič, Austrian teacher (d. 1847)
• February 13
  • Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d. 1863)
  • Thomas Myers, British mathematician (d. 1834)
• February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d. 1799)
• February 16
  • Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820)
  • Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830)
• February 17
  • Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d. 1858)
  • Raphaelle Peale, painter from the United States (d. 1825)
• February 18 – William Clark, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851)
• February 24
  • Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, British and Hanoverian Royal (d. 1850)
  • Archibald Constable, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1827)
  • Perley Keyes, American politician (d. 1834)
  • Robert S. Rose, American politician (d. 1835)
  • Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1850)
  • Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d. 1861)
• February 25 – George Gore, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844)
• February 26
  • Joseph Bédard, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
  • William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d. 1839)
  • Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d. 1852)
• February 27 – Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d. 1801)
• February 28
  • Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, King of Mysore (d. 1796)
  • Thomas Tooke, British economist (d. 1858)

• March 1
  • Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d. 1835)
  • Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d. 1819)
• March 2
  • Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830)
  • Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d. 1840)
• March 4 – Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American politician (d. 1811)
• March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d. 1842)
• March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d. 1849)
• March 9
  • Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of Topaz, rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in 1808 (d. 1828)
  • Louis Auguste Say, French economist (d. 1840)
• March 10 – David Semyonovich Abamelik, Russian-Armenian general-major (d. 1833)
• March 12
  • Johann Caspar Horner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1834)
  • John Scott, English engraver (d. 1827)
  • Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d. 1836)
• March 13
  • Rose Fortune, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1864)
  • Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (d. 1833)
• March 14
  • Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d. 1841)
  • Jedediah Morgan, American politician (d. 1826)
• March 15
  • John Conrad Otto, American physician (d. 1844)
  • Salomon Soldin, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d. 1837)
  • Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d. 1856)
• March 16
  • Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814)
  • Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d. 1834)
• March 19 – Franz von Paula Gruithuisen, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d. 1852)
• March 20 – Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d. 1842)
• March 21 – George Scovell, British Army general (d. 1861)
• March 24 – Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, French botanist (d. 1849)
• March 25
  • Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre, British politician (d. 1851)
  • Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851)
• March 28 – William Williams, British Member of Parliament (d. 1839)
• March 30
  • Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d. 1855)
  • Claudine Thévenet, French Catholic religious sister (d. 1837)
• March 31
  • Enos Bronson, American writer (d. 1823)
  • Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d. 1835)

• April 1
  • Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d. 1837)
  • Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d. 1841)
  • Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d. 1837)
• April 5
  • David Gillespie, American surveyor and politician (d. 1829)
  • Thomas Potter, British politician (d. 1845)
• April 6
  • José de Córdoba y Rojas, Spanish admiral (d. 1810)
  • Marmaduke Williams, American politician (d. 1850)
• April 7
  • Joseph Bailly, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d. 1835)
  • Robert William Elliston, British actor (d. 1831)
  • Abner Kneeland, United States theologian (d. 1844)
• April 8
  • Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815)
  • Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d. 1832)
  • James William Freshfield, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864)
• April 9 – John Stanly, American politician (d. 1834)
• April 11
  • Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d. 1853)
  • Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d. 1854)
  • Lawrence Augustine Washington, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824)
• April 12
  • Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851)
  • Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1847)
• April 13 – John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862)
• April 15 – Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851)
• April 16
  • George Bennet, English missionary (d. 1841)
  • Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d. 1850)
• April 17
  • Friedrich Koenig, German printer (d. 1833)
  • Robert Spankie, British politician, barrister (d. 1842)
  • Václav Tomášek, Czech music educator and composer (d. 1850)
• April 18
  • Antonio Basoli, Italian painter (d. 1848)
  • Madhavrao II, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1795)
  • Georg von Langsdorff, Russian-German scientist (d. 1852)
• April 19 – Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d. 1845)
• April 21
  • Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1833)
  • Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862)
  • Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d. 1829)
• April 23 – Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865)
• April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838)
• April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d. 1840)
• April 26
  • Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (d. 1853)
  • Anne Jean Marie René Savary, French general (d. 1833)
• April 28
  • Francis Baily, British astronomer (d. 1844)
  • Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British noble (d. 1844)
  • James Deacon Hume, British economist (d. 1842)
  • Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d. 1806)
  • Manuel Piar, Venezuelan general (d. 1817)
• April 29
  • Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d. 1826)
  • Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d. 1856)
  • David Hoadley, American architect (d. 1839)
  • Richard Sass, British artist (d. 1849)
• April 30 – John Yelloly, English doctor (d. 1842)

• May 1
  • John Reeves, English naturalist (d. 1856)
  • Robert Watt, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d. 1819)
• May 2
  • George Lewis, Royal Marines officer (d. 1854)
  • Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d. 1837)
• May 4
  • Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d. 1840)
  • Rufus Easton, American politician (d. 1834)
• May 5
  • Robert Barrie, British naval officer (d. 1841)
  • Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d. 1809)
• May 6
  • Pierce Butler, British politician (d. 1846)
  • John Elias, Welsh writer and preacher (d. 1841)
  • Christoph von Lieven, Russian general and prince (d. 1839)
• May 7
  • William Bainbridge, United States Navy officer (d. 1833)
  • Jonathan Makepeace, U.S. politician (d. 1850)
• May 11 – James Townley, English Wesleyan minister and author (d. 1833)
• May 12
  • Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853)
  • Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d. 1854)
  • Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d. 1854)
• May 14
  • Joseph Bouchette, Canadian surveyor (d. 1841)
  • Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d. 1835)
• May 15 – Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d. 1856)
• May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1845)
• May 18 – Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855)
• May 21
  • Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812)
  • Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820)
• May 22
  • James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862)
  • Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d. 1856)
• May 24
  • Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d. 1862)
  • Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d. 1845)
  • Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843)
• May 25
  • Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828)
  • John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851)
• May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d. 1827)
• May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d. 1857)
• May 28 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)

• June 1
  • Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d. 1849)
  • Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d. 1836)
• June 2 – William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d. 1850)
• June 3
  • John Roblin, Canadian politician (d. 1813)
  • Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d. 1810)
• June 5
  • Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d. 1841)
  • Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d. 1857)
• June 6
  • Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824)
  • János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d. 1847)
  • Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d. 1846)
• June 8 – Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d. 1839)
• June 9
  • Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d. 1832)
  • Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d. 1856)
  • Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807)
  • Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d. 1829)
  • Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d. 1846)
• June 10
  • George Dollond, British astronomer (d. 1852)
  • Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817)
• June 11
  • Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d. 1823)
  • George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859)
• June 13 – Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d. 1857)
• June 14
  • David Low Dodge, American theologian (d. 1852)
  • Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d. 1846)
• June 17 – Asahel Stearns, American politician (d. 1839)
• June 18
  • Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d. 1840)
  • Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817)
• June 19
  • Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d. 1848)
  • Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d. 1841)
  • Leonard Woods, American theologian (d. 1854)
• June 21
  • James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843)
  • Daniel D. Tompkins, American politician; sixth vice president of the United States (d. 1825)
• June 23
  • François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d. 1839)
  • Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d. 1854)
• June 24
  • Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d. 1819)
  • John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855)
  • Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d. 1775)
  • François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838)
  • Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d. 1848)
  • Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844)
  • Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843)
• June 25
  • James Gage, Canadian businessman (d. 1854)
  • Marcus Wallenberg, Swedish bishop, 1774–1833 (d. 1833)
• June 29 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1846)

• July 5
  • George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853)
  • Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808)
• July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812)
• July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d. 1806)
• July 10 – Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808)
• July 11
  • Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d. 1854)
  • Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d. 1841)
  • Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d. 1852)
• July 12
  • Jonathan Friedrich Bahnmaier, German theologian (d. 1841)
  • Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d. 1834)
  • James Stuart, politician (d. 1833)
• July 14
  • Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d. 1825)
  • Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d. 1842)
  • Francis Lathom, British writer (d. 1832)
• July 15 – David Jacob van Lennep, Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d. 1853)
• July 17 – John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d. 1856)
• July 20
  • Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d. 1839)
  • Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d. 1852)
• July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d. 1857)
• July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d. 1840)
• July 28
  • Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d. 1850)
  • John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862)
• July 29 – Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d. 1854)
• July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864)
• July 31
  • Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853)
  • Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d. 1840)

• August 1
  • John Adam, silversmith (d. 1848)
  • Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853)
  • Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d. 1839)
• August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d. 1829)
• August 5
  • Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d. 1842)
  • John C. Devereux, American politician (d. 1848)
• August 6 – Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859)
• August 7
  • François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855)
  • William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d. 1826)
• August 9
  • George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d. 1841)
  • Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d. 1852)
• August 11
  • Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d. 1854)
  • Joseph Franque, French painter (d. 1833)
  • Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d. 1849)
  • François Tassé, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
• August 12
  • Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d. 1857)
  • Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d. 1832)
  • Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d. 1839)
  • Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843)
• August 13
  • Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d. 1823)
  • John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855)
• August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d. 1852)
• August 17
  • George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871)
  • Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d. 1827)
• August 18
  • Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816)
  • Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809)
• August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d. 1861)
• August 20
  • Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853)
  • Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d. 1841)
• August 22
  • François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812)
  • Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d. 1839)
• August 23
  • Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853)
  • Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d. 1849)
  • Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d. 1863)
  • William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d. 1842)
• August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d. 1848)
• August 25 – Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815)
• August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d. 1840)
• August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821)
• August 30 – Henri Van Assche, painter (d. 1841)
• August 31 – Charles Turner, English engraver (d. 1857)

• September 1
  • George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816)
  • Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d. 1842)
• September 5
  • Enos Collins, Canadian businessman (d. 1871)
  • Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d. 1840)
• September 7
  • Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d. 1850)
  • Colin Halkett, British Army general (d. 1856)
  • Vedanayagam Sastriar (d.1864), Tamil Lutheran hymnwriter and court poet in the palace of Serfoji II, the last Maratha King of Thanjavur.
• September 8
  • Richard Ashley, English viola player (d. 1836)
  • Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824)
• September 9 – Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855)
• September 14
  • Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d. 1839)
  • Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853)
  • Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d. 1839)
• September 15
  • Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853)
  • María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d. 1840)
• September 17
  • William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1857)
  • Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d. 1845)
• September 19
  • Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d. 1849)
  • Coulson Wallop, English politician (d. 1807)
• September 21 – John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d. 1848)
• September 24
  • Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d. 1848)
  • Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838)
  • Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d. 1842)
• September 25
  • Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828)
  • Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d. 1834)
• September 26 – Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d. 1845)
• September 27
  • John Griscom, American chemist (d. 1852)
  • Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d. 1835)
• September 28
  • Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d. 1836)
  • Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d. 1848)
• September 30
  • Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d. 1842)
  • George Mathews, American judge (d. 1836)

• October 2 – Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d. 1837)
• October 4
  • Francis Ommanney, British MP (d. 1840)
  • Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815)
• October 7
  • Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d. 1848)
  • Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d. 1863)
• October 8
  • Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d. 1846)
  • John Ely, American politician (d. 1849)
  • Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
• October 10 – Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d. 1840)
• October 12
  • George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d. 1836)
  • Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d. 1842)
  • Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d. 1841)
• October 13
  • William Astell, English banker and politician (d. 1847)
  • Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d. 1826)
• October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829)
• October 18
  • Adolf Müllner, German writer (d. 1829)
  • Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d. 1852)
• October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d. 1823)
• October 21 – Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838)
• October 23
  • Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828)
  • René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844)
• October 26 – Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853)
• October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d. 1848)
• October 28
  • John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 1835)
  • Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d. 1860)
• October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822)
• October 30
  • Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d. 1860)
  • Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

• November 1
  • Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d. 1839)
  • René Perin, French playwright (d. 1858)
• November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d. 1832)
• November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d. 1848)
• November 4
  • Robert Allan, poet (d. 1841)
  • Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
  • Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d. 1848)
  • John Warrock, American publisher (d. 1858)
  • Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d. 1860)
• November 5
  • William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851)
  • Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d. 1854)
• November 6
  • David Bevan, banker (d. 1846)
  • Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d. 1852)
• November 7
  • Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d. 1848)
  • Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851)
• November 8
  • Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d. 1827)
  • Robert Reid, British architect (d. 1856)
• November 9
  • Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1846)
  • Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d. 1849)
• November 10 – John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862)
• November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d. 1842)
• November 12
  • Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d. 1842)
  • Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d. 1809)
• November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851)
• November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824)
• November 18
  • William Horsley, English musician (d. 1858)
  • Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1837)
• November 19 – Vasile Moga, Romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d. 1845)
• November 20
  • Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d. 1841)
  • Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d. 1839)
• November 21
  • Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d. 1825)
  • Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d. 1825)
• November 24 – Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d. 1857)
• November 25 – Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d. 1837)
• November 26
  • Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d. 1845)
  • William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d. 1849)
  • Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d. 1842)
• November 27 – John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d. 1850)
• November 28
  • Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1825)
  • Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)
  • Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d. 1841)
• November 29
  • Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d. 1861)
  • Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

• December 1 – Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859)
• December 2
  • François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d. 1842)
  • François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d. 1848)
• December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d. 1850)
• December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d. 1854)
• December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d. 1835)
• December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d. 1848)
• December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853)
• December 12 – William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836)
• December 13
  • Eline Heger, Danish actress (d. 1842)
  • Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d. 1842)
• December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807)
• December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d. 1835)
• December 17
  • Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d. 1821)
  • Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d. 1860)
• December 20
  • John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853)
  • Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d. 1849)
• December 21
  • John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d. 1841)
  • James Ingram, English academic (d. 1850)
• December 23 – Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844)
• December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d. 1852)
• December 27
  • Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
  • Ephraim Hart, American politician (d. 1839)
  • Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d. 1849)
• December 28
  • Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817)
  • Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d. 1854)
• December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d. 1849)
• December 31 – John Pringle, British Army officer (d. 1861)
• date unknown – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)

1775

• January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849)
• January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863)
• January 4
  • George Weare Braikenridge, English antiquarian (d. 1856)
  • Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d. 1778)
• January 6
  • Date Narimura, Japanese daimyō (d. 1796)
  • Horace St Paul, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
• January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850)
• January 9
  • Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d. 1842)
  • Antonio Villavicencio, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d. 1816)
• January 10 – James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d. 1870)
• January 13 – Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1856)
• January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d. 1849)
• January 18
  • Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d. 1817)
  • Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d. 1801)
• January 19
  • Hudson Gurney, English antiquary and verse-writer (d. 1864)
  • George Pyke, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
• January 20 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836)^[117]
• January 22
  • Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d. 1832)

• January 23
  • Pietro Colletta, Neapolitan general and historian (d. 1831)
  • José Fernández Salvador, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d. 1853)
  • John Rubens Smith, London-born painter (d. 1849)
• January 27 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
• January 28
  • Lady Charlotte Bury, English novelist (d. 1861)
  • James Brown Mason, American physician and legislator (d. 1819)
• January 30 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
• January 31
  • Giordano Bianchi Dottula, Italian writer and politician (d. 1846)
  • John Richard Farre, English physician (d. 1862)
• February 1
  • Philippe de Girard, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d. 1845)
  • Jochum Nicolay Müller, Norwegian naval officer who (d. 1848)
• February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d. 1823)
• February 3
  • Maximilien Sébastien Foy, French military leader (d. 1825)
  • Louis-François Lejeune, French general, painter and printmaker (d. 1848)
• February 8
  • Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d. 1841)
  • Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d. 1869)
  • Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d. 1855)
• February 9
  • Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1856)
  • Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d. 1856)
• February 10
  • Charles Lamb, English essayist (d. 1834)
  • James Wilkes Maurice, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1857)
  • Ádám Récsey, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d. 1852)
• February 11 – William Hall, American politician (d. 1856)
• February 12 – Charles Lloyd, English poet (d. 1839)
• February 14 – William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d. 1849)
• February 15
  • Paul Allen, American author and editor (d. 1826)
  • Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d. 1843)
• February 17
  • Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, German portrait painter (d. 1844)
  • Frederick Garling, English attorney and solicitor (d. 1848)
• February 18 – Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802)
• February 19
  • John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d. 1840)
  • Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d. 1831)
• February 20
  • Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d. 1846)
  • Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic American steamboat Enterprise (1814) (d. 1847)
  • John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1827)
• February 21
  • Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d. 1815)
  • Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d. 1831)
• February 22
  • William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848)
• February 24
  • Claudius Hunter, Lord Mayor of London (d. 1851)
  • Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847)
  • Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d. 1855)
• February 25 – John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842)
• February 26 – Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836)
• February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833)
• March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d. 1854)
• March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837)
• March 5
  • Charlotte Richardson, English poet (d. 1825)
  • Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d. 1828)
• March 9
  • Jean Kickx, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d. 1831)
  • Constance Mayer, French painter (d. 1821)
• March 10
  • Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d. 1848)
  • Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1858)
• March 11
  • Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
  • Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d. 1840)
• March 12
  • Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d. 1841)
  • Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d. 1832)
  • Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d. 1849)
  • James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d. 1861)
• March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844)
• March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841)
• March 17 – Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833)
• March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d. 1862)
• March 22
  • Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d. 1827)
  • Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d. 1831)
  • Armand Gouffé, French poet (d. 1845)
• March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d. 1856)
• March 24
  • Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d. 1835)
  • Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d. 1847)
  • Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835)
• March 25 – John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d. 1861)
• March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834)
• March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850)
• March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842)
• March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)

• April 2
  • John Higton, English animal painter (d. 1827)
  • Calvin Jones, American politician (d. 1846)
  • Moses Walton, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847)
• April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d. 1816)
• April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d. 1840)
• April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d. 1853)
• April 7
  • Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865)
  • Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d. 1817)
  • Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860)
• April 8
  • Antoine Charles Cazenove, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d. 1852)
  • Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829)
  • Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d. 1825)
• April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844)
• April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858)
• April 12
  • Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d. 1854)
  • Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d. 1836)
• April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843)
• April 14
  • Karl Becker, German philologist (d. 1849)
  • John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d. 1851)
• April 16
  • Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858)
  • Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d. 1837)
• April 21
  • Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d. 1870)
  • Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, British politician (d. 1851)
• April 22
  • Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d. 1831)
  • Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833)
• April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851)
• April 25
  • William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
  • Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d. 1849)
  • Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1830)
• April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1849)
• April 28
  • William Capel, English sportsman and clergyman (d. 1854)
  • Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835)
• April 29 – Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842)
• April 30
  • Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d. 1851)
  • Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865)
  • George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833)
• May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855)
• May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d. 1857)
• May 5
  • Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss vitreous enamel miniaturist and pietist philanthropic educator (d. 1834)
  • Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, German entomologist (d. 1856)
  • Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d. 1826)
  • Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d. 1837)
• May 6
  • Hans Henrich Maschmann, Norwegian pharmacist (d. 1860)
  • Mary Martha Sherwood, English children's author (d. 1851)
• May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d. 1856)
• May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
• May 10
  • Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809)
  • William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828)
• May 12 – George Whitmore, British Army general (d. 1862)
• May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d. 1857)
• May 17
  • Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847)
  • Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858)
• May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d. 1854)
• May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d. 1840)
• May 24
  • Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1858)
  • Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British Army general (d. 1850)
• May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860)
• May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830)
• May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d. 1861)
• May 31
  • Charles Digby, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d. 1841)
  • Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1855)
• June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847)
• June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875)
• June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853)
• June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d. 1842)
• June 12
  • Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d. 1840)
  • Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d. 1859)
  • Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1851)
• June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
• June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809)
• June 15
  • Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d. 1827)
  • Paul Delano, American-born sea captain (d. 1842)
  • Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d. 1821)
• June 16 – Judah Touro, American businessman (d. 1854)
• June 17 – Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859)
• June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865)
• June 19
  • Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d. 1864)
  • Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d. 1854)
• June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833)
• June 22
  • Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician (d. 1816)
  • Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d. 1841)
• June 24 – John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838)
• June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d. 1845)
• June 26
  • Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1815)
  • John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860)
• June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d. 1825)
• June 30 – William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)

• July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d. 1856)
• July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837)
• July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807)
• July 5 – William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847)
• July 8
  • William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829)
  • Lucy Mack Smith, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d. 1856)
• July 9 – Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818)
• July 11 – Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d. 1841)
• July 14
  • Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847)
  • Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d. 1834)
• July 15
  • George Schonswar, British politician (d. 1859)
  • Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d. 1856)
• July 17
  • Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d. 1854)
  • August Harder, German musician (d. 1813)
• July 18
  • Pierre Decouz, French military officer (d. of wounds 1814)
  • Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d. 1840)
• July 19
  • Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona (d. 1832)
  • John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader, sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1852)
• July 21
  • Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810)
  • George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, English peer and politician (d. 1838)
• July 23
  • Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d. 1829)
  • Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d. 1812)
• July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857)
• July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d. 1864)
• July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d. 1861)
• July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d. 1842)
• July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d. 1851)
• August 2
  • William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835)
  • José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814)
• August 6
  • Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, last Dauphin of France (d. 1844)
  • Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847)
  • Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1847)
• August 7
  • Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812)
  • Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847)
  • Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d. 1854)
• August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d. 1855)
• August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
• August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826)
• August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d. 1853)
• August 15
  • Carlos de España, Spanish general (d. 1839)
  • Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d. 1852)
• August 16
  • John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d. 1846)
  • Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d. 1834)
• August 18
  • James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
  • Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d. 1848)
• August 20
  • Franz Dinnendahl, German mechanical engineer (d. 1826)
  • George Tucker, American politician (d. 1861)
• August 22
  • François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810)
  • August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
• August 23 – Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d. 1861)
• August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839)
• August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d. 1851)
• August 27
  • Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d. 1847)
  • Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838)
• August 28
  • Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d. 1846)
  • Sophie Gail, French singer and composer (d. 1819)
• August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d. 1852)
• August 31
  • Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d. 1836)
  • François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d. 1849)
• September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860)
• September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838)
• September 5
  • Juan Martín Díez, El Empecinado, Spanish military leader (d. 1825)
  • Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d. 1815)
• September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d. 1845)
• September 7 – John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833)
• September 8
  • John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811)
  • Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d. 1843)
• September 9
  • Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d. 1843)
  • Francisco Ramón Vicuña, President of Chile (d. 1849)
• September 10
  • John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d. 1851)
  • Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1831)
• September 11
  • Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847)
  • Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d. 1834)
• September 12 – Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d. 1848)
• September 13 – Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868)
• September 14
  • Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d. 1844)
  • John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830)
  • Joseph Phillimore, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d. 1855)
• September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d. 1846)
• September 16
  • Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d. 1846)
  • Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d. 1825)
  • Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d. 1853)
• September 17
  • Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866)
  • Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d. 1852)
• September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815)
• September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d. 1819)
• September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852)
• September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852)
• September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832)
• September 25 – Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
• September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
• September 29
  • David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d. 1852)
  • François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d. 1842)
  • Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d. 1839)
• September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843)

• October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d. 1857)
• October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815)
• October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d. 1842)
• October 7
  • Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d. 1813)
  • Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d. 1846)
• October 9
  • Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822)
  • Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830)
  • Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d. 1848)
  • Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d. 1850)
• October 12
  • Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d. 1863)
  • Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
• October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852)
• October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d. 1832)
• October 15
  • Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer 1838)
  • Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d. 1848)
  • Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d. 1844)
• October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866)
• October 18
  • Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824)
  • Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858)
  • John Vanderlyn, American artist (d. 1852)
• October 19
  • Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860)
  • Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829)
• October 21
  • Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d. 1844)
  • Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1855)
• October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d. 1842)
• October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d. 1862)
• October 26
  • Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d. 1848)
  • Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830)
  • Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824)
  • Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d. 1845)
• October 30
  • Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d. 1840)
  • Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1849)
• November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837)
• November 2
  • Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828)
  • Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d. 1846)
• November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army general (d. 1849)
• November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d. 1851)
• November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d. 1850)
• November 7 – Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816)
• November 8
  • Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838)
  • Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d. 1854)
• November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821)
• November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
• November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848)
• November 13
  • John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d. 1850)
  • Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d. 1819)
  • Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1852)
• November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833)
• November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859)
• November 19
  • Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d. 1813)
  • François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1862)
• November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d. 1823)
• November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d. 1845)
• November 23
  • Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d. 1845)
  • Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847)
  • Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780)
• November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833)
• November 25
  • Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858)
  • Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835)
  • Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
  • Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844)
  • Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d. 1854)
• November 27
  • Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820)
  • Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
• November 28
  • William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d. 1836)
  • Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838)
• November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836)
• November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835)
• December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830)
• December 5 – Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860)
• December 6
  • Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
  • Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818)
• December 10
  • José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811)
  • Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d. 1856)
  • Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d. 1827)
• December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830)
• December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d. 1843)
• December 14
  • Philander Chase, American Episcopal Church bishop, educator and pioneer (d. 1852)
  • Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1860)
• December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d. 1850)
• December 16
  • Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d. 1817)
  • Jane Austen, English novelist (d. 1817)^[118]
  • François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d. 1834)
  • John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish judge (d. 1853)
• December 17 – Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d. 1849)
• December 20
  • Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824)
  • Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d. 1832)
• December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846)
• December 25
  • John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d. 1852)
  • Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d. 1854)
  • Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d. 1841)
• December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813)
• December 28
  • João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d. 1842)
  • Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d. 1863)
  • Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860)
• Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

1776

• January 1 – James M. Broom, American politician (d. 1850)
• January 2 – Jeremiah Chaplin, American Reformed Baptist theologian (d. 1841)
• January 3 – Thomas Morris, American politician (d. 1844)
• January 4
  • Bernardino Drovetti, Italian diplomat (d. 1852)
  • Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois, French Egyptologist (d. 1842)
• January 6
  • Ferdinand von Schill, German noble (d. 1809)
  • Auguste Jean Ameil, French soldier (d. 1822)
• January 8 – Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Irish politician (d. 1869)
• January 9 – Ludwig Rhesa, Prussian scholar (d. 1840)
• January 10 – George Birkbeck, English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d. 1841)
• January 15 – Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Roman-born British prince (d. 1834)
• January 16
  • Matthew Brown, American college president (d. 1853)
  • João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa, Portuguese politician (d. 1875)
  • Richard Onslow, English archdeacon (d. 1849)
• January 17 (bapt.) – Jane Porter, English novelist (d. 1850)
• January 21
  • Poul Christian Holst, Norwegian politician (d. 1863)
  • Elisha Haley, American politician (d. 1860)
• January 23 – Howard Douglas, British Army general (d. 1861)
• January 24
  • Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, French aristocrat (d. 1857)

    

  • E. T. A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer and painter (d. 1822)
  • Peter A. Jay, American politician (d. 1843)
• January 25 – Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist (d. 1848)
• January 29 – William Bowie, American agrarian (d. 1826)
• February 4
  • Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, German biologist (d. 1837)
  • Jan Gerard Kemmerling, Dutch mayor (d. 1818)

    

• February 11 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (d. 1831)
• February 12
  • Richard Mant, Irish bishop (d. 1848)
  • Mary Young Pickersgill, American maker of the Star Spangled Banner flag (d. 1857)
• February 14 – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, prolific German botanist (d. 1858)
• February 15 – Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (d. 1850)
• February 16 – Abraham Raimbach, British engraver (d. 1843)
• February 17
  • Ross Cuthbert, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
  • Georg zu Münster, German paleontologist (d. 1844)
• February 18 – Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke, German general (d. 1830)
• February 20 – Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca, Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d. 1846)
• February 21 – Joseph Barss, Canadian privateer, sea captain (d. 1824)
• February 23
  • John Walter, English newspaper editor (d. 1847)
  • Heneage Horsley, Scottish priest (d. 1847)
• February 25 – George William Tighe, English expatriate (d. 1837)
• February 26
  • Innis Green, American congressman for Pennsylvania (d. 1839)
  • John Paterson, Scottish missionary to Northern Europe (d. 1855)
• February 28 – François Quirouet, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
• March 1
  • John Collins, American manufacturer, politician (d. 1822)
  • Elias Moore (d. 1847)
• March 3 – James Parker, American politician (d. 1868)
• March 4 – Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest, Russian army commander (d. 1814)
• March 5 – Gerard Troost, American mineralogist (d. 1850)
• March 6 – Luigi Lambruschini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1854)
• March 7 – Timothy Ruggles, Canadian politician (d. 1831)
• March 8
  • David Rogerson Williams, American politician (d. 1830)
  • Samuel Tweedy, American politician (d. 1868)
• March 9
  • Thomas Evans, British Army general (d. 1863)
  • Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary, Archduke of Austria (d. 1847)

    

• March 10
  • Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (d. 1810)
  • Étienne Ranvoyzé, Canadian politician (d. 1826)
• March 12 – Lady Hester Stanhope, English archaeologist (d. 1839)
• March 15 – Aimé Picquet du Boisguy, French chouan general during the French Revolution (d. 1839)
• March 17 – Joel Abbot, American politician (d. 1826)
• March 19 – Philemon Beecher, American politician (d. 1839)
• March 20
  • Joshua Bates, American educator (d. 1854)
  • Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English politician (d. 1839)
• March 21 – John Frederick Frelinghuysen, United States general (d. 1833)
• March 23
  • Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto, English politician (d. 1848)
  • Vicente Salias, Venezuelan doctor (d. 1814)
• March 24 – Zusho Hirosato, Japanese samurai (d. 1849)
• March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist, politician (d. 1854)
• March 30 – Vasily Tropinin, Russian artist (d. 1857)
• March 31 – Joseph Küffner, German musician, composer (d. 1856)
• April 1
  • Pierre François Bellot, Swiss jurist (d. 1836)
  • Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
• April 3
  • François Blanchet, Canadian physician, politician (d. 1830)
  • Mary Anne Clarke, English mistress of Prince Frederick (d. 1852)
• April 6 – Jesse Bledsoe, American politician (d. 1836)
• April 11
  • Macvey Napier, Scottish legal scholar, one of the editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica (d. 1847)
  • Jerome Inglott, Maltese philosopher (d. 1835)
• April 12
  • Henry Hezekiah Cogswell, Canadian politician (d. 1854)
  • Henry Hobhouse, English archivist (d. 1854)
• April 13 – Wilhelm von Schütz, German author, playwright (d. 1847)
• April 15 – John Anstruther-Thomson, Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d. 1833)
• April 17 – Jean-François Roger, French poet, politician (d. 1842)
• April 20
  • Augustin-Marie d'Aboville, French artillerist during the Revolution (d. 1843)
  • William Weston Young, English Quaker businessman (d. 1847)
• April 25
  • James Miller, American politician (d. 1851)
  • Edward Solly, English merchant, art collector (d. 1844)
  • Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, member of the British Royal Family (d. 1857)
• April 27
  • Hyacinthe Jadin, French composer (d. 1800)
  • John Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 1847)
• April 28
  • Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville, English politician (d. 1859)
  • Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1833)
• May 4 – Johann Friedrich Herbart, German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1841)
• May 5 – Valentine Efner, American politician (d. 1865)
• May 6
  • Stephen Rumbold Lushington, English politician, administrator in Madras (d. 1868)
  • Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, Russian field marshal (d. 1852)
  • Rensselaer Westerlo, American politician (d. 1851)
• May 8
  • Edward Leveson-Gower, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1853)
  • Prince Bagrat of Georgia (d. 1841)
• May 9 – Thomas Maguire, Canadian Catholic priest (d. 1854)
• May 10 – George Thomas Smart, English musician (d. 1867)
• May 12 – José de La Mar, military leader, President of Peru (d. 1830)^[119]
• May 13 – Jett Thomas, American militia general (d. 1817)
• May 17 – Amos Eaton, American botanist (d. 1842)
• May 18 – Dennis Pennington, American politician (d. 1854)
• May 20
  • Simon Fraser, Canadian explorer (d. 1862)
  • Víctor Rosales, Mexican rebel (d. 1817)
• May 29 – Peter Erasmus Müller, Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d. 1834)
• May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza, American mayor (d. 1851)
• June 1
  • George Schetky, American conductor (d. 1831)
  • Giuseppe Zamboni, Italian Catholic priest, physicist (d. 1846)
• June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten, American politician (d. 1850)
• June 6 – William Reed, American politician (d. 1837)
• June 8 – Thomas Rickman, English architect, architectural antiquary (d. 1841)

  

• June 11 – John Constable, English landscape painter (d. 1837)
• June 12
  • Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (d. 1847)
  • José Manuel de Goyeneche, 1st Count of Guaqui, Spanish soldier, diplomat (d. 1846)
  • Pierre Révoil, French painter (d. 1842)
• June 19 – Francis Johnson, American politician (d. 1842)
• June 21
  • Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, Princess of Liechtenstein (d. 1848)
  • Charles Horsfall, English merchant, politician (d. 1846)
  • William Wadd, English surgeon, medical author (d. 1829)
• June 23 – Stephen Longfellow, American politician (d. 1849)
• June 28 – Charles Mathews, English actor (d. 1835)
• June 29 – George Okill Stuart, Canadian clergyman (d. 1862)
• July 1
  • Samuel Thatcher, American politician (d. 1872)
  • Sophie Gay, French author (d. 1852)
• July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1842)
• July 4
  • Pär Aron Borg, Swedish sign language creator (d. 1839)
  • Ethan Allen Brown, American politician (d. 1852)
• July 5
  • Daniel Dobbins, captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service (d. 1856)
  • Bernard Smith, American politician (d. 1835)
• July 10 – Samuel Powell, American politician (d. 1841)
• July 11 – William Bradbery, English entrepreneur (d. 1860)
• July 12 – John Christian, Manx judge (d. 1852)
• July 13 – Caroline of Baden, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1841)
• July 14 – Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil, French soldier (d. 1832)
• July 16
  • Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician, naturalist (d. 1827)
  • Johann Georg von Soldner, German physicist (d. 1833)
• July 17 – John Neilson, Canadian politician (d. 1848)
• July 18 – John Struthers, Scottish poet (d. 1853)
• July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Austrian musician (d. 1830)
• July 22
  • Etheldred Benett, English geologist (d. 1845)
  • Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1838)
• July 26 – Pierre Fouquier, French physician, professor of medicine (d. 1850)
• July 29 – James McSherry, American politician (d. 1849)
• July 30 – Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet, British general (d. 1853)
• August 1
  • Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, Governor General of British North America (1835-1837) (d. 1849)
  • Jean Corbineau, French cavalry general (d. 1848)
• August 2
  • Thomas Assheton Smith II, English cricketer (d. 1858)
  • Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist (d. 1835)
• August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche, French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d. 1847)
• August 5
  • Sophie d'Artois, French princess (d. 1783)
  • John Willson, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
• August 6 – William Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1836)
• August 9
  • Jacob Munch, Norwegian painter, military officer (d. 1839)

    

  • Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d. 1856)
• August 12
  • Thomas Millidge, Jr., New Brunswick businessman, political figure (d. 1838)
  • David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, British politician (d. 1855)
• August 13 – Abraham Shepherd, American politician (d. 1847)
• August 14
  • Prince Christian of Hesse (d. 1814)
  • Christian Friedrich Tieck, German sculptor (d. 1851)
• August 15
  • Ignaz von Seyfried, Austrian musician (d. 1841)
  • Gottlieb Schick, German artist (d. 1812)
• August 16
  • Amalia von Helvig, German and Swedish artist (d. 1831)
  • Philipp Jakob Riotte, German composer (d. 1856)
  • Monaldo Leopardi, Italian philosopher (d. 1847)
  • Jean-Roch Coignet, French soldier (d. 1865)
• August 18
  • Agustín Argüelles, Spanish liberal politician (d. 1844)
  • Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, England (d. 1851)
  • Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1848)
• August 21
  • Joseph Healy, American politician (d. 1861)
  • Elizabeth Parke Custis Law, American matriarch (d. 1832)
• August 22 – Carlo Amati, Italian architect (d. 1852)
• August 23
  • Jens Peter Debes, Norwegian politician (d. 1832)
  • Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (d. 1853)
• August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel, British admiral (d. 1853)
• August 26
  • Ferdynand Stokowski, Polish general (d. 1827)
  • Henry A. Livingston, American politician (d. 1849)
• August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Danish-German statesman, historian (d. 1831)
• August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke, German librettist (d. 1842)
• September 1
  • Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie, French general, politician (d. 1856)
  • Ezekiel Bacon, American politician (d. 1870)
• September 3 – Étienne Mayrand, Canadian politician (d. 1872)
• September 4 – Stephen Whitney, American merchant (d. 1860)
• September 5 – Augustus Simon Frazer, French-born British Army officer (d. 1835)
• September 8
  • Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg, German noblewoman (d. 1841)
  • Heinrich Meldahl, Norwegian builder (d. 1840)
• September 9
  • Parmenio Adams, American politician (d. 1832)
  • Calvin Pease, Ohio jurist, legislator (d. 1839)
  • Philip Broke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1841)
• September 11 – Thomas Arbuthnot, British Army general (d. 1849)
• September 15
  • William Baylies, American politician (d. 1865)
  • Calvin Willey, American politician (d. 1858)
• September 17 – Langdon Cheves, American politician (d. 1857)
• September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, English politician (d. 1825)
• September 21
  • Karl Gustav Bonuvier, Swedish actor, theatre director (d. 1858)
  • John Fitchett, English poet (d. 1838)
• September 27
  • Peter Shaver, Canadian politician (d. 1866)
  • Maria Versfelt, Dutch writer, actor (d. 1845)
• October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin, Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d. 1866)
• October 3 – Thomas Walsh, Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d. 1849)
• October 4
  • Giovanni Battista Bellé, Italian Bishop of Mantova (d. 1844)
  • Antonio Tosti, Italian cardinal-priest (d. 1866)
  • Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist (d. 1839)
• October 6
  • Hirata Atsutane, Japanese theologian of the Shintō religion (d. 1843)
  • James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, Scottish-born Spanish general (d. 1857)
  • James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, English politician (d. 1845)
• October 8 – Pieter van Os, Dutch painter, engraver (d. 1839)
• October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé, French Navy officer, captain (d. 1833)
• October 13
  • Peter Barlow, English mathematician (d. 1862)
  • John Gibb, Scottish civil engineering contractor (d. 1850)
• October 14
  • Samuel Rexford, New York politician (d. 1857)
  • Robert Townsend Farquhar, British colonial administrator (d. 1830)
• October 18 – Cowles Mead, American politician (d. 1844)
• October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre, British judge (d. 1837)
• October 21 – George Izard, United States general (d. 1828)
• October 22 – Edward Draper, British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d. 1841)
• October 25 – Patrick Neill, Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d. 1851)
• October 28 – Joachim Haspinger, Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d. 1858)
• October 30
  • George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859)
  • John Hahn, American politician (d. 1823)
• October 31 – Francis Locke Jr., American politician (d. 1823)
• November 1 – Abraham McClellan, American politician (d. 1851)
• November 5 – Abraham Teerlink, Dutch painter (d. 1857)
• November 7
  • Bartow White, American politician (d. 1862)
  • James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline, British politician (d. 1858)
• November 10
  • Samuel Gross, American politician (d. 1839)
  • Henry Seymour (Knoyle), British politician (d. 1849)
  • General Washington Johnston, American politician (d. 1833)
• November 11 – Philip E. Thomas, American banker, railroad executive (d. 1861)
• November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (d. 1847)
• November 15
  • Aaron Manby, English civil engineer, founder of the Horseley Ironworks (d. 1850)
  • Pehr Henrik Ling, Swedish physical therapist (d. 1839)
• November 17
  • Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, German historian (d. 1861)
  • Robert Trimble, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1828)
• November 20
  • William Blackwood, Scottish publisher (d. 1834)
  • Maximilian Seyssel d'Aix, German general (d. 1855)
• November 24
  • Jean-Joseph Marcel, French printer and engineer (d. 1854)
  • Matthew John Tierney, Irish surgeon (d. 1845)
• November 29 – Harcourt Lees, Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d. 1852)
• November 30
  • Philippe André de Vilmorin, French horticulturist (d. 1862)
  • Bartholomew Frere, English diplomat (d. 1851)
• December 1
  • Elijah H. Mills, American politician (d. 1829)
  • Isaac Lacey, American politician (d. 1844)
• December 2 – Louis Alexis Baudoin, French naval officer (d. 1805)
• December 3
  • Yashwantrao Holkar, Ruler of Holkar State (d. 1811)
  • Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician, botanist (d. 1858)
• December 5 – Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1851)
• December 6 – Theodorick Bland, United States federal judge (d. 1846)
• December 7 – Reuben Whallon, American politician (d. 1843)
• December 8
  • Theodore Dehon, second Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina (d. 1817)
  • William Logan, American politician (d. 1822)
• December 10
  • Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este, second wife of Charles Theodore (d. 1848)
  • David Marchand, American politician (d. 1832)
  • Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy, German banker, father of classical composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (d. 1835)
• December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, English lawyer, politician (d. 1846)
• December 13 – James Hawkes, American politician (d. 1865)
• December 14 – Ingelbrecht Knudssøn, Norwegian politician (d. 1826)
• December 16
  • Narciso Durán, Spanish Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d. 1846)

    

  • Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist (d. 1810)
• December 19
  • Lord Edward Somerset, British Army general (d. 1842)
  • Lars Roverud, Norwegian musician (d. 1850)
  • Eusebio Bardají y Azara, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1842)
• December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada, President of Colombia (d. 1833)
• December 25 – John Slater, American businessman (d. 1843)
• December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith, British artist (d. 1859)
• December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811)
• December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt, Swedish politician (d. 1837)
• December 30 – William Drayton, American politician (d. 1846)
• December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (d. 1832)

1777 * January – William Barton, English cricketer (d. 1825)

• January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (d. 1857)
• January 7 – Lorenzo Bartolini, Italian sculptor (d. 1850)
• January 11 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant, rebel leader (d. 1837)
• January 13 – Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820)
• January 25 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (d.1848)
• February 3 – John Cheyne, British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836)
• February 10 – Amable Berthelot, Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d. 1847)
• February 12
  • Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, French poet (d. 1843)
  • Bernard Courtois, French chemist (d. 1838)
• February 18 – Andreas Arntzen, Norwegian politician (d. 1837)
• February 20 – Zacheus Burnham, Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d. 1857)
• February 26 – Matija Nenadović, Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 1854)
• March 3 – Adolphe Dureau de la Malle, French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d. 1857)
• March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1840)
• March 13 – Charles Lot Church, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1864)

• March 17
  • Patrick Brontë, Irish Anglican curate and writer; father of writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë (d. 1861)
  • Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
• March 19 – José María Bustamante, Mexican composer (d. 1861)
• March 28 – Antoine Germain Labarraque, French chemist (d. 1850)

• April 11 – William Addams, United States Congressman (d. 1858)
• April 12 – Henry Clay, American politician (d. 1852)
• April 16 – John Alexander (Ohio politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1848)

• April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d. 1855)
• May 4 – Richard Bourke, Australian governor (d. 1855)
• May 8 – Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar, Finnish-Karelian folksinger (d. 1846)
• May 11 – Samuel Bridger, English cricketer
• May 12 – Mary Reibey, Australian businessperson (d. 1855)
• May 18 – John George Children, British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1852)
• June 1 – Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, president of Chile (d. 1841)
• June 12 – Robert Clark, American politician (d. 1837)
• June 14 – Heman Allen (of Milton), U.S. Representative (d. 1844)
• June 15 – David Daniel Davis, British physician (d. 1841)
• June 22
  • Andrzej Alojzy Ankwicz, Polish-born Catholic archbishop of Prague (d. 1838)
  • William Brown (admiral), Irish-born first admiral of Argentina (d. 1857)
• June 23 – Frederick Bates, American politician (d. 1825)

• July – Thomas Clayton, American lawyer, politician (d. 1854)
• July 9
  • Henry Hallam, English historian (d. 1859)
  • Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer and lay preacher (d. 1852)^[120]
• July 23 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
• July 26 – Robert Hamilton Bishop, Scottish-American educator, minister (d. 1855)
• July 27
  • Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, German physicist (d. 1834)
  • Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
  • Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer, soldier (d. 1853)
• July 31 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman, priest (d. 1849)
• August 11 – Giuseppe Bossi, Italian painter (d. 1815)
• August 12 – George Wolf, American politician (d. 1840)

• August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (d. 1851)
• August 23 – Princess Adélaïde of Orléans, French princess (d. 1847)
• August 29 – Nikita Bichurin (Hyacinth), Russian monk (d. 1853)
• August 31 – Alexander Bashilov, Russian general (d. 1847)
• September 9 – James Carr (Massachusetts politician), U.S. Congressman (d. 1818)
• September 12 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist, anatomist (d. 1850)
• September 25 – Joseph Badeaux, Canadian politician (d. 1835)

• October 1 – Zaro Aga, Turkish-Kurdish possible supercentenarian (claimed to have been born this year or 1774; d. 1934)
• October 5 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon (d. 1835)
• October 16
  • Levi Barber, American surveyor, court administrator, banker and legislator (d. 1833)
  • Lorenzo Dow, American Methodist preacher (d. 1834)
• October 18
  • Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1809)

• • Heinrich von Kleist, German poet, dramatist, novelist and short story writer (d. 1811)
• November 7 – Richard Bassett (clergyman), Welsh cleric (d. 1852)
• November 13 – Kunwar Singh, Leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (d. 1858)
• November 14 – Nathaniel Claiborne, American politician (d. 1859)
• November 24 – Samuel Butts, American militia officer (d. 1814)
• December 1 – Thomas Bradford, British Army officer (d. 1853)
• December 4 – Juliette Récamier, French writer (d. 1849)
• December 10 – William Conner, American trader, politician (d. 1855)
• December 14 – Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d. 1839)
• December 15 – Agostino Aglio, Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d. 1857)
• December 16 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, French champagne producer (d. 1866)
• December 21 – John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll, Scottish peer, Whig politician (d. 1847)

• December 23 – Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Russian officer (d. 1825)
• December 24 – Barbara Spooner Wilberforce, wife of English abolitionist William Wilberforce (d. 1847)

• Suleiman al-Halabi, Syrian student, assassin (d. 1800)
• Carlos Anaya, Uruguayan politician (d. 1862)
• Charles James Apperley, English sportsman, sporting writer (d. 1843)
• Carlo Armellini, Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863)
• Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi, Ottoman mystic (d. 1826)
• Connell James Baldwin, Irish soldier, civil servant (d. 1861)
• Karl Friedrich Becker, German educator, historian (d. 1806)
• Vicente Benavides, Chilean soldier (d. 1822)
• John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857)
• William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator (d. 1852)
• Sophia Campbell, Australian artist (d. 1833)
• Abiel Chandler, U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851)
• John Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1808)
• Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac, French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847)
• Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (d. 1804)
• Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean political figure (d. 1833)
• Thomas Day, American judge (d. 1855)
• Benjamin D'Urban, British general, colonial administrator (d. 1849)
• Tu'i Malila, Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d. 1965)

1778 * January 1

• • Tredwell Scudder, American politician (d. 1834)
  • Charles Alexandre Lesueur, French naturalist (d. 1846)
• January 3 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish Catholic bishop (d. 1861)
• January 4
  • Billy J. Clark, American politician (d. 1866)
  • Paolo Polidori, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
  • Jean-Antoine Alavoine, French architect (d. 1834)
• January 5 – Charles-Guillaume Étienne, French writer (d. 1845)

• January 6 – Thomas Lincoln, Farmer, Carpenter (d. 1851)
• January 7 – Anthony Todd Thomson, British dermatologist (d. 1849)
• January 9 – Thomas Brown, Scottish metaphysician (d. 1820)
• January 10 – Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentine politician (d. 1851)
• January 11 – Agathon Jean François Fain, French historian (d. 1837)
• January 12 – William Herbert, British politician (d. 1847)
• January 13 – Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
• January 15 – Joseph Adamy, Nassauian politician (d. 1849)
• January 16
  • Teodoro Lechi, Italian general (d. 1866)
  • John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish peer and soldier (d. 1860)
• January 17
  • Donald Macdonell, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
  • George Black, Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. 1854)
• January 18 – George Bellas Greenough, British geologist (d. 1855)
• January 20 – Louis Antoine François Baillon, French naturalist, collector (d. 1855)
• January 21 – Jeremiah O'Brien, American politician (d. 1858)
• January 23 – Alire Raffeneau Delile, French botanist (d. 1850)
• January 24 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, England (d. 1820)
• January 25 – Matsudaira Norihiro, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. 1839)
• January 26
  • Jakob von Washington, Bavarian general (d. 1848)
  • Johann Georg Stauffer, Austrian luthier (d. 1853)
• January 27
  • Christian Mathias Schröder, German politician (d. 1860)
  • Andrew Sterett, United States Navy officer (d. 1807)
• January 28 – James Tallmadge, Jr., American politician (d. 1853)
• January 29 – John Williams, Tennessee politician (d. 1837)
• January 31 – Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Austrian statesman (d. 1861)
• February 1 – Joseph Richardson, American politician (d. 1871)
• February 2 – Mary Anne Talbot, British wartime cross-dresser (d. 1808)
• February 3
  • Cornelis Vollenhoven, Dutch politician (d. 1849)
  • John Ritchie, British newspaper founder (d. 1870)
• February 4 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist (d. 1841)
• February 5 – Jan Nepomucen Umiński, Polish general (d. 1851)
• February 6 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. 1827)^[121]
• February 13 – William P. Van Ness, United States federal judge (d. 1826)
• February 14 – Fernando Sor, Spanish musician (d. 1839)
• February 16
  • John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton of Great Britain (d. 1863)
  • Rosalie Stier Calvert, 19th century Maryland plantation owner, correspondent (d. 1821)
• February 19
  • Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn, Russian military commander (d. 1845)
  • Henry Ashley, American politician (d. 1829)
  • Daniel Williams Harmon, American-born Canadian fur trader, diarist (d. 1843)
• February 22
  • Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet of Great Britain (d. 1854)
  • Rembrandt Peale, American painter (d. 1860)^[122]

• February 25 – José de San Martín, Argentine general (d. 1850)
• March 1
  • Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, French botanist (d. 1832)
  • Amos Lane, American politician (d. 1849)
• March 2
  • William Austin, American politician (d. 1841)
  • Vincent Moulac, French naval officer (d. 1836)
• March 3
  • Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1841)
  • Peter Laurie, British politician (d. 1861)
• March 4
  • Sir Henry Bunbury, 7th Baronet, British Army general (d. 1860)
  • Robert Emmet, Irish rebel (d. 1803)
  • Florestano Pepe, Italian general (d. 1851)
• March 6
  • Francis Ogilvy-Grant, 6th Earl of Seafield, British politician (d. 1853)
  • Carl Bernhard von Trinius, German botanist (d. 1844)
• March 8 – Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, French soldier, diplomat (d. 1853)
• March 10
  • Hugh Hornby Birley, leading Manchester Tory, reputed to have led the fatal charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry, at the Peterloo Massacre (d. 1845)
  • Anthony Van Egmond, Canadian rebel (d. 1838)
• March 19 – Edward Pakenham, Irish-born British general (d. 1815)
• March 22
  • Thomas de Trafford, British Baronet (d. 1852)
  • Aleksey Merzlyakov, Russian poet, critic, and professor (d. 1830)
• March 23 – Paul Traugott Meissner, Austrian chemist (d. 1864)
• March 24
  • Robert Fleming Gourlay, British statistician and activist (d. 1863)
  • Anton Edler von Gapp, Austrian lawyer (d. 1862)
• March 25 – Sophie Blanchard, French aeronaut (d. 1819)
• March 26 – Edward Blakeney, British Army officer (d. 1868)
• March 28 – Ludvig Stoud Platou, Norwegian politician (d. 1833)
• March 30 – Robert Moore, American politician (d. 1831)
• March 31 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (d. 1858)
• April 1 – Benjamin Jacob, British musician (d. 1829)
• April 3 – Pierre Bretonneau, French physician (d. 1862)
• April 7 – John J. Ely, Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. 1852)
• April 9
  • John Sparks, English cricketer (d. 1854)
  • Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, French diplomat (d. 1854)

• April 10
  • Heinrich Luden, German historian (d. 1847)
  • William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)^[123]
  • Johann Arzberger, Austrian technologist (d. 1835)
• April 12 – John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)
• April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. 1858)
• April 15
  • William Congreve Russell, British politician (d. 1850)
  • James Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1860)
• April 18
  • Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin, Scottish countess (d. 1855)
  • Christian Friedrich Nasse, German physician, psychiatrist (d. 1851)
  • Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet, British politician (d. 1836)
• April 19 – Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle, main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries, wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857)
• April 23 – John Harvey, British Army general (d. 1852)
• April 24 – John Graham, soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821)
• April 27 – Henry Drury, English educator (d. 1841)
• April 28 – Adriaan van der Hoop, Dutch banker, politician (d. 1854)
• April 29 – Thomas Bateman, British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. 1821)
• April 30 – Arvid David Hummel, Swedish entomologist (d. 1836)

• May 2 – Nathan Bangs, American Methodist theologian (d. 1862)
• May 3 – Samuel Freeze, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
• May 6 – Henry Phillpotts, English bishop (d. 1869)
• May 8 – Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851)
• May 9 – Eli Ayers, Liberian politician (d. 1822)
• May 10 – William Ladd, American activist (d. 1841)
• May 12 – August Zeune, German educator (d. 1853)
• May 13 – Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841)
• May 17 – Benjamin Bowring, English watchmaker (d. 1846)
• May 18
  • Andrew Ure, Scottish doctor and chemist (d. 1857)
  • Samuel Hoar, American politician (d. 1856)
  • Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (d. 1854)
• May 19
  • Ruggero Settimo, Italian politician (d. 1863)
  • Ludwik Michał Pac, Polish general (d. 1835)
• May 25 – Claus Harms, German clergyman, theologian (d. 1855)
• May 29 – Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, British politician (d. 1860)
• May 30 – Richard Skinner, American politician (d. 1833)
• May 31 – Horatio Seymour, American politician (d. 1857)
• June 2 – Jean Julien Angot des Rotours, French colonial governor (d. 1844)
• June 4 – Martin Parmer, American politician (d. 1850)
• June 6 – Edmund Varney, American politician (d. 1847)
• June 7 – David Willson, Canadian Quaker minister (d. 1866)
• June 11 – John Robison, British inventor (d. 1843)
• June 13 – Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819)
• June 14 – John Cushing Aylwin, United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. 1813)

• June 16
  • Charles F. Mercer, American politician (d. 1858)
  • Harry Croswell, crusading American political journalist (d. 1858)
• June 17
  • Philip Willem van Heusde, Dutch philosopher (d. 1839)
  • Gregory Blaxland, English pioneer farmer, explorer in Australia (d. 1852)
• June 19 – Robert Allen, Tennessee politician (d. 1844)
• June 20 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d. 1832)
• June 22 – George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland, British politician (d. 1867)
• June 23 – Richard W. Meade, American merchant and art collector (d. 1828)
• June 26 – Mariya Svistunova, lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. 1866)
• June 27 – Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1842)
• June 28
  • John Macbride, British historian (d. 1868)
  • William Dietz, American politician (d. 1848)
• July 2 – Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta (d. 1858)
• July 3 – Carl Ludvig Engel, German architect (d. 1840)
• July 6 – Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, French scientist (d. 1846)
• July 7 – Beau Brummell, English man of fashion (d. 1840)^[124]
• July 10
  • William Brockenbrough, American politician (d. 1838)
  • Laurent Cunin-Gridaine, French businessman, politician (d. 1859)
• July 11 – Timothy Fuller, American politician (d. 1835)
• July 12 – Maria Dalle Donne, Bolognese physician (d. 1842)
• July 13 – Samuel Stevens, Jr., American politician (d. 1860)
• July 15
  • Thomas James Maling, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1849)
  • Jasper Nicolls, British general (d. 1849)
• July 17 – Benjamin Isaacs, Connecticut politician (d. 1846)
• July 19
  • Thomas Foley, British politician (d. 1822)
  • Samuel Bent, American Mormon leader (d. 1846)
• July 20 – Joshua Tetley, British brewer (d. 1859)
• July 28 – Charles Stewart, American naval commander (d. 1869)
• July 30
  • David Pattee, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
  • Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1847)
• August 2 – Georg Anton Rollett, Austrian naturalist (d. 1842)
• August 5 – Otto Christian Blandow, German bryologist (d. 1810)
• August 8 – John Bonfoy Rooper, British landowner, MP (d. 1855)

• August 11
  • Marcus Pløen, Norwegian businessperson (d. 1836)
  • Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers, British naval officer and politician (d. 1860)
  • Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German-Prussian gymnastics educator, nationalist (d. 1852)
• August 12
  • Francis Horner, British politician (d. 1817)
  • Joshua Vanneck, 2nd Baron Huntingfield, British politician (d. 1844)
• August 19
  • Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German princess (d. 1835)
  • James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, British politician (d. 1841)

• August 20 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director of Chile (d. 1842)^[125]
• August 21 – Lewis Weston Dillwyn, British politician (d. 1855)
• August 25 – Joseph Batten, British college principal (d. 1837)
• August 31 – William Wilkins, English architect (d. 1839)

• September 2 – Louis Bonaparte, sibling of Napoleon Bonaparte I, French army general, King of Holland (d. 1846)^[126]
• September 7 – José Bernardo Sánchez, Spanish missionary (d. 1833)
• September 8 – George Heneage Lawrence Dundas, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)

• September 9 – Clemens Brentano, German poet, novelist (d. 1842)^[127]
• September 10 – Joshua Lawrence, American Baptist minister (d. 1843)
• September 12 – William Davidson, American politician (d. 1857)
• September 14
  • John Varnum, American politician (d. 1836)
  • John Barss, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
• September 15 – Augustin Caron, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
• September 19
  • Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, British politician (d. 1868)
  • William Gaston, American politician (d. 1844)
• September 20
  • James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis of Great Britain (d. 1852)
  • Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian admiral (d. 1852)
• September 21 – Carl Ludwig Koch, German entomologist (d. 1857)
• September 24 – Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850)
• September 25
  • Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet, 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. 1829)
  • Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1802)
• September 26 – Jonathan Fisk, American politician (d. 1832)
• September 27
  • Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, German composer, music teacher (d. 1851)
  • Damião Barbosa de Araújo, Brazilian composer (d. 1856)
• September 28
  • Luther Lawrence, American politician (d. 1839)
  • Suzanne Douvillier, French-born American ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. 1826)
  • Catherine McAuley, Irish nun, saint (d. 1841)
• September 29
  • Benjamin Hall, British politician (d. 1817)
  • Thomas Warsop, English cricketer (d. 1845)
• October 5
  • Ernst Ludwig von Aster, Prussian and Russian Army general (d. 1855)
  • Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, French archaeologist (d. 1867)
• October 7
  • Charles Paget, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1839)
  • Joseph Knight, English horticulturist (d. 1855)
  • Thomas Cranley Onslow, British politician (d. 1861)
• October 8 – Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, French Catholic bishop (d. 1839)
• October 9
  • Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet, President of the Bordeaux Court in France (1815) (d. 1854)
  • John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall, British politician (d. 1820)
  • Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, British Army general (d. 1842)
• October 13 – William Marks, American politician (d. 1858)
• October 14 – Francis Fane, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844)
• October 19 – Valentine Blacker, Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. 1826)
• October 22 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849)^[128]
• October 23 – Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen regnant (d. 1829)
• October 26 – Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, British politician (d. 1866)
• October 28 – Ezekiel Blomfield, British minister (d. 1818)
• October 29 – William Creighton, Jr., United States federal judge (d. 1851)
• October 30 – Benjamin Ames, American politician (d. 1835)
• October 31
  • Jacob Shibley, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
  • Charles Abraham Elton, English author (d. 1853)
  • John Black, Australian sailor (d. 1802)
• November 1
  • James R. Caldwell, United States Navy officer (d. 1804)
  • Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, King of Sweden (d. 1837)
• November 3 – Karlo Lanza, Dalmatian politician (d. 1834)

• November 5
  • Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer (d. 1823)
  • Thomas Ritchie, American journalist (d. 1854)
• November 8 – Joseph Signay, Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1850)
• November 11 – Nils Astrup, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
• November 14
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner, German theologian (d. 1828)
  • Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer, virtuoso pianist (d. 1837)
• November 15
  • George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, British politician (d. 1840)
  • Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian antiquarian (d. 1823)
• November 16 – Johann Joseph von Prechtl, Austrian technologist (d. 1854)
• November 18 – Lord William Stuart, British politician (d. 1814)
• November 19 – Charles de Salaberry, Canadian politician (d. 1829)
• November 21
  • Richard Phillips, British chemist (d. 1851)
  • Thomas B. Cooke, American politician (d. 1853)
  • Joseph Warren Scott, American army officer (d. 1871)
  • Kunitomo Ikkansai, Japanese gunsmith (d. 1840)
• November 22 – Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. 1852)
• November 23
  • Mariano Moreno, Argentine politician (d. 1811)
  • Samuel Humphreys, noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. 1846)
• November 24 – Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. 1845)
• November 25
  • Joseph Lancaster, English Quaker, public education innovator (d. 1838)
  • Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British abolitionist (d. 1856)
• November 26
  • Jean-Thomas Taschereau, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
  • Henry Fane, British Army general (d. 1840)
• November 28
  • Filippo di Colloredo-Mels, leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 1864)
  • Abd al-Rahman of Morocco, Alaouite dynasty member (d. 1859)
• November 29 – Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1843)^[129]
• November 30 – Andrés Guazurary, Argentine general (d. 1825)

• December 6 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist (d. 1850)
• December 7 – Franz Naegele, German obstetrician (d. 1851)
• December 9 – Vicente González Moreno, Spanish general (d. 1839)
• December 10 – Antonio Francesco Orioli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1852)
• December 13
  • George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend of Great Britain (d. 1855)
  • Thomas Kendall, New Zealand missionary (d. 1832)
• December 15
  • Godert van der Capellen, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1848)
  • Christiane Luise Amalie Becker, German actor (d. 1797)
• December 16
  • John Ordronaux, French privateer (d. 1841)
  • Ludwig Robert, German dramatist (d. 1832)
  • José Colombres, Argentine Catholic bishop (d. 1859)

• December 17
  • Humphry Davy, English physicist, chemist (d. 1829)^[130]
  • William Munroe, American cabinet maker (d. 1861)
  • Juan Martín de Veramendi, Governor of Mexican Texas (d. 1833)

• December 18 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor and comedian (d. 1837)^[131]
• December 19 – Marie Thérèse of France, eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. 1851)
• December 20 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American politician (d. 1817)
• December 21 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish politician (d. 1860)
• December 22 – James Haldane Stewart, British priest (d. 1854)
• December 23 – François de Robiano, Belgian politician (d. 1836)
• December 24
  • Inoue Masamoto, Japanese daimyō (d. 1858)
  • James Guyon, Jr., American politician (d. 1846)
  • Thomas Coventry, English cricketer (d. 1816)
• December 25 – Caleb Atwater, American politician (d. 1867)
• December 27 – Antoine François Eugène Merlin, French general (d. 1854)
• December 28
  • Franz Xaver Heller, German botanist (d. 1840)
  • William Cowper, English-born Anglican cleric in Australia, who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. 1858)
  • Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley, British politician (d. 1858)
  • Matthew Arbuckle, United States soldier (d. 1851)
• December 29
  • Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841)
  • Johann Simon Hermstedt, German musician (d. 1846)

• Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)
• Anna Maria Walker, Scottish botanist (d. 1852)
• Sara Oust, Norwegian lay minister (d. 1822)
• Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (d. 1843)

1779

• January 5 – Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (d. 1820)
• January 18 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (d. 1869)
• February 1 – Nikolaus von Krufft, Austrian composer and civil servant (d. 1818)
• March 6 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
• March 15 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
• March 21 – José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle, Peruvian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Peru (d. 1825)^[132]
• May 28 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet (d. 1852)
• June 20 – Dorothy Ann Thrupp, British psalmist, hymnwriter, translator (d. 1847)
• July 8 – Giorgio Pullicino, Maltese painter and architect (d. 1851)
• August 1 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, lyricist (d. 1843)
• August 8 – Benjamin Silliman, American chemist, educator and abolitionist (d. 1864)
• August 20 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (d. 1848)
• August 29 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter (d. 1867)
• September 8 – Mustafa IV, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1808)
• September 18 – Joseph Story, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1845)
• November 14 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet (d. 1850)
• December 12 – Madeleine Sophie Barat, French Catholic saint, founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart (d. 1865)
• December 24 – George Washington Lafayette
• date unknown – Giacomo Beltrami, Italian explorer (d. 1855)

1770

• January 7 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
• January 8 – John Michael Rysbrack, Flemish sculptor (b. 1694)
• January 20 – Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1722)
• January 27 – Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, 18th-century politician (b. 1712)
• January 30 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (b. 1712)
• January 27 – Philippe Macquer, French historian (b. 1720)
• February 26 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer, violinist (b. 1692)
• March 5 – Crispus Attucks, African-American dockworker, first to die in the Boston Massacre (b. 1723)

• 

  March 27 – Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Venetian artist (b. 1696)
• April 27 – José Solís Folch de Cardona, Spanish colonial governor (b. 1716)
• April 25 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot, physicist (b. 1700)
• May 30 – François Boucher, French painter (b. 1703)
• June 22 – Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (b. 1702)
• June 23 – Mark Akenside, English poet, physician (b. 1721)
• July 17 – Joseph Paris Duverney, French banker (b. 1684)
• July 21 – Charlotta Frölich, Swedish agronomist (b. 1698)
• July 27 – Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
• August 15 – Edward Antill (colonial politician), American winemaker (b. 1701)
• August 24 – Thomas Chatterton, English poet (b. 1752)
• September 2 – Hongzhou, Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1712)
• September 9 – Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (b. 1697)
• September 22 – Ignatius of Santhià, Italian Catholic priest (b. 1686)

• September 30
  • George Whitefield, English-born Methodist leader (b. 1714)
  • Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat (b. c. 1695)
• October 14 – Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire (b. 1696)
• October 18 – John Manners, Marquess of Granby, British soldier (b. 1721)
• November 9 – John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician (b. c. 1693)
• November 13 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1712)^[133]
• November 24 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian (b. 1685)
• December 4 – John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont, Irish politician (b. 1711)
• December 5 – James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (b. 1692)
• December 6 – Neri Maria Corsini, Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (b. 1685)

1771

• January 5 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (b. 1710)
• January 11 – Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (b. 1704)
• January 23 – Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire, French general (b. 1685)
• February 12 – Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (b. 1710)
• February 20 – Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (b. 1678)
• March 8 – Louis August le Clerc, French-born sculptor (b. 1688)
• March 20 – Louis-Michel van Loo, French painter (b. 1707)

• May 21 – Christopher Smart, English poet (b. 1722)
• May 27 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury, English philanthropist (b. 1711)^[134]
• June 5 – Samuel Phillips (reverend), colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of the South Church in Andover (b. 1690)
• June 8 – George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman (b. 1716)
• July 14 – Chen Hongmou, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. 1696)
• July 22 – William Whitmore (British Army officer), British general (b. 1714)
• July 30 – Thomas Gray, English writer (b. 1716)
• September 13 – John Gambold, British bishop (b. 1711)
• September 17 – Tobias Smollett, Scottish novelist (b. 1721)^[135]
• October 22 – Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1716)
• November 4 – Charles Lucas (politician), Irish apothecary (b. 1713)
• November 6 – John Bevis, English physician, astronomer (b. 1695)
• November 13 – Konrad Ernst Ackermann, German actor (b. 1712)

• December 6 – Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist (b. 1682)
• December 23 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (b. 1701)
• December 26 – Claude Adrien Helvétius, French philosopher (b. 1715)
• December 27 – Henri Pitot, Italian-born French engineer (b. 1695)

1772

• February 4 – Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (b. 1715)
• February 8 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (b. 1719)
• February 11 – Caterina Sagredo Barbarigo, Venetian aristocrat and salon holder (b. 1715)
• February 15 – Mitromaras, Greek rebel and pirate^[136]
• February 18 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, Danish statesman (b. 1712)
• February 20 – Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (b. 1694)
• March 21 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)
• March 22 – John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718)
• March 26 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (b. 1704)
• March 27 – Taylor White, British judge (b. 1701)

• March 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher and mathematician (b. 1688)
• April 28 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician and de facto regent, executed (b. 1737)
• May 1 – Gottfried Achenwall, German statistician (b. 1719)
• May 22 – Durastante Natalucci, Italian historian (b. 1687)
• June 15 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (b. 1694)
• June 18
  • Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born Austrian physician (b. 1700)
  • Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge, philosopher (b. 1706)
• June 22 – François-Vincent Toussaint, French writer most famous for Les Mœurs (The Manners) (b. 1715)
• August 31 – William Borlase, English naturalist (b. 1695)
• September 30 – James Brindley, English canal builder (b. 1716)
• October 7 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher, abolitionist (b. 1720)

• October 8 – Jean-Joseph de Mondonville, French violinist, composer (b. 1711)
• October 14 – Benjamin Green, Canadian merchant and judge (b. 1713)
• October 16 – Ahmad Shah Durrani, Afghan founder of the Durrani Empire (cancer) (b. 1724)
• October 19 – Andrea Belli, Maltese architect, businessman (b. 1703)
• November 10 – Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção, Portuguese poet (b. 1724)
• November 18 – Madhavrao I, ruler of India (b. 1745)
• November 19 – William Nelson, American colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
• December 4 – Dov Ber of Mezeritch, the Great Maggid, a preacher and founder of Hasidism.
• December 7 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish writer, scholar (b. 1695)^[137]
• date unknown – Panna Cinka, Hungarian violinist (b. 1711)

1773

• January 1 – Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1711)
• January 12 – Jacob von Eggers, Military engineer (b. 1704)
• January 21 – Alexis Piron, French writer (b. 1689)
• January 23
  • Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, 68th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1681)
  • Pieter van Reede van Oudtshoorn, Dutch administrator of the Cape Colony (b. 1714)
• February 20 – King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (b. 1701)
• March 1 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)

• March 24
  • Stephen Leake, English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (b. 1702)
  • Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman and man of letters (b. 1694)
• March 20 – Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben, German noble (b. 1715)
• May 8 – Ali Bey Al-Kabir, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. 1728)
• May 15 – Alban Butler, English Catholic priest, writer (b. 1710)
• May 28 – John Wayles, American lawyer and planter (b. 1715)
• June 21 – Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish geodesist (b. 1713)
• June 27 – Mentewab, dowager Empress of Ethiopia (b. c. 1706)
• July 5 – Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian, philologist (b. 1719)
• July 12 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist, composer (b. 1697)
• July 23 – George Edwards, English ornithologist and naturalist (b. 1694)
• July 25 – Axel Löwen, Swedish duke (b. 1686)
• August 3 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (b. 1700)
• August 19
  • Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker (b. 1702)
  • Francesco Zahra, Maltese painter (b. 1710)
• August 20 – Enrique Florez, Spanish historian (b. 1701)
• September 23 – Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718)
• October 14 – Septimanie d'Egmont, French salonist (b. 1740)
• October 30 – Philippe de La Guêpière, French architect (b. 1725)
• November 2 – John Glas, Scottish minister (b. 1695)
• November 7 – Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine, French royal (b. 1714)

• November 8 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (b. 1721)
• November 16 – John Hawkesworth, English writer (b. c. 1715)
• November 19 – James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, Irish politician (b. 1722)

• Bjarni Halldórsson, Icelandic legal figure and theologian (b. c. 1703)^[138]

1774

• January 1
  • Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720)
  • Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704)
• January 7
  • Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré, French archbishop (b. 1707)
  • Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702)
• January 9 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705)
• January 13
  • Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683)
  • John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739)
• January 18 – Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711)
• January 19 – Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708)
• January 21
  • Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729)
  • Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717)
  • James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696)
  • Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714)
• January 22 – Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730)
• January 29 – Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710)
• January 30
  • Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702)
  • František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704)
• January 31 – Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)

• February 1 – Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691)
• February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701)
• February 8 – Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699)
• February 17 – Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704)
• February 18 – Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711)
• February 25 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704)
• February 27 – Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697)
• February 28 – Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)

• March 1 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (b. 1706)
• March 2 – William Talbot, English evangelical clergyman (b. 1717)
• March 3 – Andrew Oliver, American merchant and public official (b. 1706)
• March 4 – William Boys, Royal Navy officer (b. 1700)
• March 5 – Georg Joachim Mark, German theologian (b. 1726)
• March 7 – Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini, Catholic cardinal (b. 1683)
• March 10 – William Browne, English physician (b. 1692)
• March 18 – Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, British politician (b. 1714)
• March 19 – Lucas Ramírez Galán, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1715)
• March 21 – Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete, Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b. 1696)
• March 25
  • Spencer Cowper, Dean of Durham Cathedral (b. 1713)
  • Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1704)
  • Zeynep Sultan, Ottoman princess, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (b. 1720)
• March 30 – Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1721)

• April 1 – Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718)
• April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728)
• April 5 – Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700)
• April 11 – Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695)
• April 15
  • Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718)
  • Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690)
• April 17 – John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703)
• April 18
  • Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700)
  • Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708)
• April 20
  • Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729)
  • Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703)
• April 23
  • Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723)
  • Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712)
• April 24 – Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745)
• April 25 – John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728)
• April 26 – Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724)
• April 28 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689)
• April 29 – Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)

• May 1 – William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739)
• May 3 – Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698)
• May 4
  • Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714)
  • Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697)
  • Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707)
• May 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704)
• May 8 – Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694)
• May 10
  • King Louis XV of France (b. 1710)
  • Timothy Woodbridge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (b. 1709)
• May 12 – Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709)
• May 17 – Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716)
• May 18 – William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698)
• May 23 – Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744)
• May 26 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)

• June 3 – Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709)
• June 7
  • Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689)
  • Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713)
• June 11 – Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707)
• June 15 – Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690)
• June 18 – Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718)
• June 20 – Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716)
• June 24 – Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701)
• June 27 – Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688)
• June 29 – Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)

• July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, British politician (b. 1705)
• July 4 – William Price, Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1690)
• July 8 – Brooke Forester, British politician (b. 1717)
• July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b. 1714)
• July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b. 1715)
• July 13 – Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist (b. 1716)
• July 14
  • Matthew Blakiston, British politician (b. 1702)
  • James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish officer in the British Army (b. 1682)
• July 17 – Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b. 1711)
• July 18
  • Sir Thomas Alston, 5th Baronet, English Baronet and MP (b. 1724)
  • Thomas Fitch, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1700)
• July 21 – Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond, Irish earl (b. 1723)
• July 24
  • Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, British baroness; eldest of the Lennox sisters (b. 1723)
  • Johann George Schmidt, architect from Germany (b. 1707)
• July 25 – John Drummond, British private banker and politician (b. 1723)
• July 27 – Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German physician, botanist, and explorer (b. 1744)

• August 10
  • William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702)
  • Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719)
• August 11
  • Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693)
  • Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
• August 13 – Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709)
• August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716)
• August 20 – Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716)
• August 21 – Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724)
• August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
• August 26 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)

• September 5 – Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706)
• September 10 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694)
• September 16 – Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720)
• September 18 – Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724)
• September 22
  • Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703)
  • Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690)
  • Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705)^[139]
• September 24 – Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726)
• September 25
  • John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714)
  • Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696)
  • Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)

• October 2 – Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1698)
• October 8 – Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714)
• October 11 – Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699)
• October 12 – Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753)
• October 13 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704)
• October 15 – Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719)
• October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750)
• October 22 – William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718)
• October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715)
• October 27 – Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686)
• October 28 – Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728)
• October 29 – Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703)
• October 31
  • Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696)
  • Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)

• November 1 – Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732)
• November 3 – Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702)
• November 5
  • Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731)
  • Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722)
  • John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729)
• November 6 – Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733)
• November 13 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708)
• November 15 – Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695)
• November 16 – Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745)
• November 17 – Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709)
• November 20 – Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705)
• November 21 – Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705)
• November 22
  • Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725)
  • Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712)
• November 23 – Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708)
• November 25 – Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698)
• November 28 – Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688)
• November 29 – Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687)
• November 30
  • John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750)
  • Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)

• December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720)
• December 5 – Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756)
• December 13 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711)
• December 16
  • Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723)
  • François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694)
  • Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726)
• December 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716)
• December 19 – Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708)
• December 20 – Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710)
• December 21 – Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704)
• December 23 – Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701)
• December 24 – Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719)
• December 26
  • Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742)
  • Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745)
• December 27
  • Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700)
  • Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694)
• December 29
  • Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730)
  • Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697)
• December 30 – Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688)
• December 31 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694)

• date unknown
  • Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason
  • Margaret Calderwood, British diarist (b. 1715)
  • Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

1775

• January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur, 13th Mughal Emperor (b. 1725)
• January 2
  • St George St George, 1st Baron St George, Irish politician (b. 1710)
  • William Napier, 7th Lord Napier, British noble (b. 1730)
• January 3
  • Henry Beekman, New York landowner and provincial assemblyman (b. 1687)
  • Robert Campbell, Nova Scotia politician (b. 1718)
• January 6 – Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713)
• January 8 – John Baskerville, British printer (b. 1706)
• January 10
  • Stringer Lawrence, Early British military leader in India (b. 1697)
  • Yemelyan Pugachev, leader of a Russian peasant uprising (b. 1742)
• January 11
  • Indra Kumari Devi, Queen consort of Nepal (b. 1724)
  • Queen Narendra of Nepal, Queen consort of Gorkha (b. 1723)
  • Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723)
• January 13 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693)
• January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher in Leipzig (b. 1693)
• January 15 – Giovanni Battista Sammartini, Italian composer (b. 1700)
• January 17 – Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
• January 20
  • Sebastian Klotz, German violin maker (b. 1696)
  • Sir George Oxenden, 5th Baronet, English politician (b. 1694)
• January 21 – Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, Prussian colonel (b. 1704)
• January 25
  • Bernardo de Rossi, Italian theologian (b. 1687)
  • Georg Friedrich Schmidt, German artist (b. 1712)
• January 26
  • Domingo de Bonechea, Spanish explorer (b. 1713)
  • Johann Gregor Herold, German painter (b. 1696)
  • Shuja-ud-Daula, Subedar Nawab of Oudh, India (b. 1732)
• January 29 – Henry Willoughby, 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham, Peer in House of Lords (b. 1696)
• February 1 – Nicholas Herbert, British Member of Parliament (b. 1706)
• February 2 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, British politician (b. 1685)
• February 4 – John Ryder, Irish Anglican bishop (b. 1697)
• February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Roman Catholic theologian (b. 1692)
• February 6 – William Dowdeswell, British politician (b. 1721)
• February 7 – Mary Butterworth, British counterfeiter in colonial America (b. 1686)
• February 9 – Princess Hejing, manchu princess of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1756)
• February 10 – Claude Pouteau, French surgeon and inventor (b. 1724)
• February 15
  • Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690)
  • Diego Fernández, harpischord maker of the Spanish court (b. 1703)
• February 16 – Jean-Baptiste Vivien de Châteaubrun, French dramatist and playwright (b. 1686)
• February 24 – Ferdinando Colonna of Stigliano, 2nd Prince of Sonnino (b. 1695)
• February 25 – William Small, Scottish physician and professor of natural philosophy (b. 1734)
• February 28
  • Paul Cardale, British minister (b. 1705)
  • Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peeress (b. 1700)
  • Empress Xiaoyichun, Qing Dynasty empress (b. 1727)
• March 2 – Nikolaos Doxaras, Greek artist (b. 1710)
• March 3 – Richard Dunthorne, British astronomer (b. 1711)
• March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French actor and dramatist (b. 1727)
• March 6
  • Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711)
  • Gaudenzio Botti, Italian painter (b. 1698)
• March 7
  • John Boyle, 3rd Earl of Glasgow, British Earl (b. 1714)
  • Thomas Nuthall, English lawyer and politician (b. 1720)
• March 20 – Pedro Antonio Barroeta y Ángel, Spanish Catholic priest, Archbishop of Lima, Archbishop of Granada (b. 1701)
• March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1702)
• March 22
  • Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697)
  • Hendrik Carré II, Dutch painter (b. 1696)
• March 23 – Anne Catherine Hoof Green, American printer and publisher (b. 1720)
• March 30
  • William Irby, 1st Baron Boston, British peer (b. 1707)
  • Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710)
• March 31 – Samuel Heathcote, British Member of Parliament (b. 1699)
• April 4 – René Charles de Maupeou, French statesman (b. 1688)
• April 5 – Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen, Prince Bishop of Basel (b. 1693)
• April 7 – Sir Anthony Abdy, 5th Baronet, 5th Abdy Baronet (b. 1720)
• April 10
  • Jonas Haas, German-born Danish engraver (b. 1720)
  • Louis-Florent de Vallière, Governor General of the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti (b. 1721)
• April 11
  • Meletie Covaci, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1707)
  • Roger Mostyn, English churchman, Canon of Windsor (b. 1720)
• April 12
  • William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian, Scottish nobleman (b. 1710)
  • Pierre Soubeyran, Genevan-French engraver and copperplate engraver (b. 1709)
  • William Vaughan, Welsh politician (b. 1707)
• April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, Landgravine and Carmelite nun (b. 1697)
• April 16 – William Leyborne Leyborne, governor of the Windward Islands (b. 1744)
• April 19 – Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer (b. 1745)
• April 24 – Jan Caspar Philips, engraver from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1690)
• April 26 – Josiah Quincy II, American lawyer (b. 1744)
• April 27 – Peter Boehler, Moravian missionary (b. 1712)
• April 30
  • Francesco Barsanti, Italian flautist, oboist and composer (b. 1690)
  • Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716)
• May 1 – Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739)
• May 2
  • Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu, wife of George Brudenell Montagu, Duke of Montagu (b. 1711)
  • Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1715)
• May 3 – George Boscawen, British Army general (b. 1712)
• May 5
  • John Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (b. 1691)
  • Benjamin Dass, Norwegian teacher and book collector (b. 1706)
• May 7 – Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel, German organist and composer (b. 1697)
• May 9
  • Domingo de Basavilbaso, Argentinian businessperson (b. 1709)
  • Vittoria Tesi, Italian opera singer and music teacher (b. 1701)
• May 10
  • Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1757)
  • Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Queen consort of Denmark and Norway, 1766–1772 (b. 1751)
  • Samuel of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1700)
• May 15
  • Hans-Friedrich von Krusemark, Lieutenant General in the Prussian Army of Frederick the Great (b. 1720)
  • Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (b. 1709)
• May 16 – Ulla von Liewen, Swedish courtier and baroness (b. 1747)
• May 17 – Carlo Carlone, painter (b. 1686)
• May 18
  • Magnus Beronius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (b. 1692)
  • Johann Joachim Kändler, German artist (b. 1706)
• May 25 – Karl Gottlieb Guichard, German writer (b. 1724)
• May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693)
• May 28 – Barlow Trecothick, English merchant and politician (b. 1719)
• May 30 – Jean Capperonnier, French classical scholar (b. 1716)

• June 5 – Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (b. 1689)
• June 6 – Sir Charles Burton, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish politician (b. 1702)
• June 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer (b. 1708)
• June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735)
• June 17
  • Andrew McClary, soldier and major in the Continental Army during the American Revolution (b. 1730)
  • John Pitcairn, British Marine officer during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1722)
  • Joseph Warren, American doctor (b. 1741)
• June 19 – Andrew Barclay, Scottish-American merchant (b. 1719)
• June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1712)
• June 23
  • James Abercrombie, British army officer, died during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1732)
  • Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German soldier, adventurer and writer (b. 1692)
• June 26 – Aryeh Leib Epstein, Polish rabbi (b. 1708)
• June 27
  • Ignaz Günther, German sculptor and woodcarver (b. 1725)
  • Robert Livingston, member of New York colonial assembly (b. 1688)
• June 29 – Anna Smitshuizen, Dutch prostitute, victim of a cause célèbre murder (b. 1751)
• June 30 – Charles Maynard, 1st Viscount Maynard, British noble (b. 1690)
• July 3 – Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (b. 1724)
• July 11 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
• July 13
  • Louis Charles, Count of Eu, member of the French Capetian dynasty (b. 1701)
  • John Ratcliffe, English academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford (b. 1700)
• July 15 – Servais Duriau, Belgian Cistercian monk (b. 1701)
• July 18 – Joseph Knight, senior Royal Navy officer, served as East Indies Station (b. c. 1708)
• July 20 – Enrico Albrici, Italian painter (b. 1714)
• July 21
  • Robert Bolling, American politician (b. 1738)
  • Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689)
• July 22 – Thomas Lockhart, politician (b. 1739)
• July 24 – John Pollen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702)
• August 4 – Sir Gregory Page, 2nd Baronet, English art collector and landowner (b. 1689)
• August 5 – Maharaja Nandakumar, tax official (b. 1705)
• August 9 – Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, Prussian merchant, art dealer and diplomat (b. 1710)
• August 10
  • Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741)
  • César de Missy, Prussian book collector and theologian (b. 1703)
• August 12 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737)
• August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696)
• August 14 – Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande, Dutch governor of the colonies of Essequibo and Demerara (b. 1704)
• August 16 – Jakob Langebek, Danish historian (b. 1710)
• August 21 – Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Palestine (b. 1689)
• August 25 – Felipe de Castro, Spanish sculptor (b. 1711)
• August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714)
• August 28 – James Habersham, Merchant and politician in the British colony of Georgia (b. 1712)
• August 29 – Francesco Sleter, Italian painter (b. 1685)
• August 30 – George Faulkner, Irish publisher and bookseller (b. 1699)
• September 2 – Antoine Touron, French historian (b. 1686)
• September 4 – Al-Mahdi Abbas, Imam of Yemen (b. 1719)
• September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1699)
• September 8 – John Conyers, English politician (b. 1717)
• September 12 – Charles-Louis Mion, French composer (b. 1699)
• September 13
  • Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710)
  • Guillaume Mazeas, French physicist (b. 1720)
  • Constantine Phipps, 1st Baron Mulgrave, Irish Baron (b. 1722)
• September 14 – Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko, Court Marshal of Lithuania (b. 1712)
• September 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684)
• September 17
  • Charles Allanson, British Member of Parliament (b. 1720)
  • John Parker, American colonial farmer, smith and soldier (b. 1729)
• September 21 – Abel Prescott Jr., American Patriot (b. 1749)
• September 23 – John Bentinck, British naval officer, inventor and MP (b. 1737)
• September 24
  • Emanuel Büchel, Swiss graphic artist, aquarellist, topographer and baker (b. 1705)
  • Polixénia Daniel, Hungarian noble and writer (b. 1720)
• September 28 – Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, writer and enslaved man (b. 1710)
• October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese haiku poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703)
• October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715)
• October 5 – Amos Adams, Anglican clergy (b. 1728)
• October 10 – Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières, Marshal of France (b. 1711)
• October 13 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer, Member of Parliament (b. 1708)
• October 14 – Gilles Joubert, French master cabinetmaker (b. 1689)
• October 16
  • Peter van Hurk, Danish merchant (b. 1697)
  • Antti Piimänen, Finnish churchbuilder (b. 1712)
• October 18
  • Michael Cresap, Continental Army officer (b. 1742)
  • Paul of the Cross, Italian mystic (b. 1694)
  • Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715)
• October 20 – Sir John Molesworth, 5th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1729)
• October 21
  • François-Hubert Drouais, French painter (b. 1727)
  • Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg, Mistress of Austrian royalty (b. 1738)
  • Sakai Tadamochi, 酒井忠用 Daimyo (b. 1723)
• October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721)
• October 27 – Johan Maurits Mohr, Dutch-German pastor and astronomer (b. 1716)
• October 29 – Gabriel François Venel, French chemist (b. 1723)
• November 1 – Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French writer (b. 1708)
• November 2 – Noble Jones, British American politician (b. 1702)
• November 3 – Juan José Pérez Hernández, Spanish explorer (b. 1725)
• November 5
  • Tysoe Hancock, English physician (b. 1723)
  • Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722)
  • Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740)
• November 6
  • Peter Burrell, British politician (b. 1724)
  • Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort, French painter (b. 1719)
• November 7
  • Johann Gottfried Hildebrandt, organ builder (b. 1724)
  • François Rebel, French composer (b. 1701)
• November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703)
• November 12 – John Smith, English politician (b. 1727)
• November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705)
• November 21 – John Hill, English author and botanist (b. 1716)
• November 22 – Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French dramatist and writer (b. 1708)
• November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1703)
• November 25
  • Jacob Benzon, Norwegian judge (b. 1688)
  • Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer, North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715)
• November 28 – Thomas Elfe, British cabinet-maker (b. 1719)
• November 29 – Juan Curiel, Spanish intellectual and politician (b. 1690)
• December 3 – Giovanni Bianchi, Italian physician and zoologist (b. 1693)
• December 7
  • Charles Saunders, British politician (b. 1715)
  • Fabrizio Serbelloni, Catholic cardinal (b. 1695)
• December 8 – Josef Ignaz Mildorfer, Austrian painter (b. 1719)
• December 9
  • Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (b. 1689)
  • Robert Livingston, landowner and politician in Colonial America (b. 1718)
• December 15
  • Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712)
  • Princess Tarakanova, Pretender to the Russian throne (b. 1753)
• December 16 – Gustavus Hamilton, Irish painter (b. 1739)
• December 20 – Sigismund Streit, German art collector (b. 1687)
• December 21 – Theresa Parker, English art patron (b. 1745)
• December 28
  • John Campbell, Scottish author (b. 1708)
  • Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714)
  • John Phillips, English master carpenter and architect (b. 1709)
• December 31
  • Richard Montgomery, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)
  • Anna Vorontsova, Russian lady-in-waiting (b. 1722)

• Date unknown – Sarah Buttall, English silversmith

1776

• January 6 – James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (b. 1704)
• January 8 – James Frye, colonial soldier (b. 1709)
• January 12 – Johann Philipp Murray, German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b. 1726)
• January 14 – Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b. 1713)
• January 21 – Jacques de Romas, French physicist (b. 1713)
• February 13 – Élisabeth Catherine Ballard (b. 1704)
• February 18 – Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (b. 1726)
• March 4 – Johann Georg Ziesenis, German – Danish portrait painter (b. 1716)
• March 5 – Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville, French magistrate and scholar (b. 1693)
• March 7 – John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1737)
• March 10
  • Élie Catherine Fréron, French critic (b. 1719)
  • Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant, philanthropist (b. 1701)
• March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693)
• March 26 – Samuel Ward, American politician (b. 1725)
• March 29 – Johann Gotthelf Lindner, German university teacher and writer (b. 1729)
• March 30 – Jonathan Belcher, British-American lawyer (b. 1710)
• March 31 – Jane Randolph Jefferson, wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b. 1720)
• April 7 – Charles-Pierre Colardeau, French poet (b. 1732)
• April 19 – Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b. 1697)
• April 20 – Olivier de Vézin (b. 1707)
• April 29 – Edward Wortley Montagu, English traveller and writer (b. 1713)
• May 4 – Jacques Saly, French sculptor (b. 1717)
• May 6 – James Kent, English organist and composer (b. 1700)
• May 7 – Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b. 1734)
• May 23 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (b. 1732)
• May 25 – Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b. 1711)
• May 30 – Albert Frick, German theologian (b. 1714)
• June 2 – Continental Army General John Thomas, from smallpox (b. 1724)
• June 10
  • Hsinbyushin (b. 1736)
  • Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722)
• June 13 – Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b. 1708)
• June 20 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor, manufacturer (b. 1704)
• July 7 – Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
• July 10 – Richard Peters, English-born American clergyman (b. 1704)
• July 15 – Richard Bampfylde, British politician (b. 1722)
• July 16 – Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b. 1696)
• July 21 – Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (b. 1683)
• August 1
  • Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (b. 1707)
  • Francis Salvador, American patriot (b. 1747)
• August 2 – Louis François, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b. 1717)
• August 14 – Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b. 1721)
• August 25 – David Hume, Scottish philosopher (b. 1711)
• August 27 – William Stark, Revolutionary War era officer (b. 1724)
• August 29 – Joseph Arnold, pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b. 1710)
• September 1 – Angelica Le Gru Perotti, Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b. 1719)
• September 6 – Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b. 1759)
• September 22 – Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b. 1755)
• September 24 – Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan, Anglo-Irish peer (b. 1685)
• September 28 – Cadwallader Colden, physician (b. 1688)
• October 3 – Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1713)
• October 10 – Karl Gotthelf von Hund, German Freemason (b. 1722)
• October 15 – John Ellis, naturalist (b. 1710)
• October 17 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681)
• October 28 – Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b. 1760)
• October 30 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b. 1709)
• November 15 – Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (b. 1714)
• November 17 – James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (b. 1710)
• November 23 – Théophile de Bordeu, French physician (b. 1722)
• December 5 – Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b. 1716)
• December 10 – Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (b. 1711)
• December 13 – Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b. 1732)
• December 25 – John Gabriel Jones, colonial American pioneer and politician (b. 1752)
• date unknown – Muhammad al-Warghi, Tunisian writer and poet (b. c. 1713)

1777

• January 10 – Spranger Barry, Irish actor (b. 1719)
• January 12 – Hugh Mercer, American Revolutionary War officer, mortally wounded in battle (b. 1726)
• January 13 – James Rait, Anglican clergyman, Scottish Episcopal Church Bishop of Brechin 1742–1777 (b. 1689)
• January 27 – Hubert de Brienne, French naval commander (b. 1690)
• January 30 – Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (b. 1702)
• February 9
  • Captain Abraham Godwin, American marine on USS Washington (1776 row galley) (b. 1724)
  • Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier (b. 1706)
• February 11 – Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto, Scottish statesman, philosopher and poet (b. 1722)
• February 24 – King Joseph I of Portugal (b. 1714)
• February 28 – Joab Hoisington, American major (b. 1736)
• March 1
  • Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) (b. 1711)
  • Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
• March 2 – Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1692)
• March 4 – Pierre-Herman Dosquet, 4th bishop of Quebec (b. 1691)
• March 6 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (b. 1700)
• March 10 – John the Painter, British criminal (b. 1752)
• March 20 – Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1708)
• March 23 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet, Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1685)
• March 31 – Richard Terrick, Church of England clergyman, Bishop of Peterborough 1757–1764 and Bishop of London 1764–1777 (b. 1710)

• April 7 – Anna Chamber, British noblewoman and poet (b. 1709)
• April 29 – Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (b. 1700)
• May 5 – Raphael Hayyim Isaac Carregal, Palestinian rabbi preaching in the Americas (b. 1733)
• May 7 – Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, marine captain and colonial administrator in New France (b. 1708)
• May 9 – Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1715)
• May 11 – George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (b. 1719)
• May 19 – Button Gwinnett, a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence (b. 1735)
• May 22 – David Wooster, American general in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1711)
• May 28 – William Douglas, American military officer, leading regiments from Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1742)
• May 31 – Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (b. 1703)
• June 8 – Cornelia Schlosser, sister and only sibling of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to survive to adulthood (b. 1750)
• June 21 – Georg Friedrich Meier, German philosopher and aesthetician (b. 1718)

• July 4 – Consort Shu, consort of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor (b. 1728)
• July 13 – Guillaume Coustou the Younger, French artist (b. 1716)
• August 14
  • Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general and general inspector of the artillery (b. 1701)
  • Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great (b. 1701)
• August 23 – Celia Grillo Borromeo, Italian scientist, mathematician (b. 1684)
• August 30 – John Clavering, British Army officer (b. 1722)
• September 7 – Tekle Haymanot II, emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1754)
• September 16 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt, English landowner, diplomat, general and Viceroy of India (b. 1714)
• September 18 – Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz, wife of Frederick (b. 1710)
• September 19 – Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria (b. 1747)
• September 20 – Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, British peer (b. 1686)
• September 22 – John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)
• September 25 – Johann Heinrich Lambert, Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1728)

• October 3 – Jeremias van Riemsdijk, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1712)
• October 4 – Francis Nash, American brigadier general, killed at the Battle of Germantown (b. c. 1742)
• October 6 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French salon holder (b. 1699)
• October 7 – Simon Fraser of Balnain, Scottish general during the American Revolutionary War, killed in battle (b. 1729)
• October 21 – Samuel Foote, English dramatist and actor (b. 1720)
• October 22 – Friedrich Baum, German dragoon Lieutenant Colonel of Brunswick in British service during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1748)
• October 25 – Carl von Donop, Hessian colonel fighting in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1732)
• October 27 – Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon, French cardinal-archbishop and Grand Almoner (b. 1697)
• October 30 – John Hart, American militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (b. 1706)
• November 1 – Jonathan Hampton, American colonial surveyor (b. 1712)
• November 6 – Bernard de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1699)
• November 10 – Cornstalk, Shawnee chief (b. c. 1720)
• November 13 – William Bowyer, English printer (b. 1699)
• November 17 – Pratap Singh Shah, 2nd king of Nepal (b. 1751)
• November 18 – Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley, English landowner and politician (b. 1716)
• November 27 – Henry Stauffer, German settler in Bucks County, Pennsylvania (b. 1724)
• December 9 – Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (b. c. 1704)
• December 12 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (b. 1708)
• December 25 – Charles Chauncey, English physician (b. 1706)
• December 26
  • Dolly Pentreath, last-known fluent native speaker of the Cornish language (b. 1692)
  • Ricardo Wall, Spanish-Irish cavalry officer (b. 1694)
• December 27 – Frederick Keppel, Church of England clergyman (b. 1728)
• December 30 – Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Bavaria 1745–1777 (b. 1727)^[140]

1778

• January 3 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist (b. 1701)

• January 10 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (b. 1707)
• February 18 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman (b. 1715)
• February 20 – Laura Bassi, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1711)
• February 27 – Alexander Murray of Elibank, fourth son of Alexander Murray (b. 1712)
• March 5 – Thomas Arne, English composer of Rule, Britannia! (b. 1710)
• March 7 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. 1720)
• March 13 – Charles le Beau, French historian (b. 1701)
• April 8 – Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, Dutch businessman (b. 1702)
• April 22 – James Hargreaves, English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. 1720)
• May 8 – Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German music historian, polymath (b. 1711)
• May 11 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1708)^[141]
• May 12 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France, governor of Trois-Rivières (b. 1701)
• May 16 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat and politician (b. 1718)

• May 30
  • José de la Borda, Spanish/Mexican mining magnate (b. c. 1699)^[142]
  • Voltaire, French philosopher (b. 1694)^[143]
• June 12 – Philip Livingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1716)
• June 16 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720)
• June 19 – Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian operatic soprano (b. 1696)
• June 24 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (b. 1714)

• July 3
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (b. 1712)^[144]
  • Bathsheba Spooner, American murderer (b. c. 1746)
• July 3 – Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother to the Mozarts (b. 1720)
• July 4 – Ebenezer Kinnersley, American scientist (b. 1711)
• August 5 – Charles Clémencet, French historian (b. 1703)
• August 7 – Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet of England (b. 1712)
• August 12 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, British general, politician (b. 1714)
• October 1 – Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, British Royal Navy admiral (b. 1722)
• October 6 – George Hay, British politician (b. 1715)
• October 11 – Saliha Sultan, daughter of Ottoman Sultan (b. 1715)
• October 24 – Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode, German politician, provost and author (b. 1716)
• November 9
  • Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)^[145]
  • Lydia Taft, American suffragist (b. 1712)
• November 11 – Anne Steele, English hymnwriter and essayist (b. 1717)^[146]
• November 20 – Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726)
• December 26 – Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires (1757–1766) (b. 1715)
• December 30 – Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (b. 1716)
• date unknown – Thomas Johnson, English furniture maker (b. 1714)

1779

• January 3 – Claude Bourgelat, French veterinary surgeon (b. 1712)
• January 20 – David Garrick, English actor (b. 1717)
• January 22 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor, astronomer (b. 1733)
• February 7 – William Boyce, English composer (b. 1711)
• February 14 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (b. 1728)
• February 24 – Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (b. 1704)
• April 7 – Martha Ray (b. 1742), British singer and mistress of John Montagu, Earl of Sandwich (murdered) (b. 1742)
• April 9 – Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish military officer (b. 1717)
• April 24 – Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (b. 1711)
• May 1 – Sarah Clayton, English industrialist (b. 1712)
• May 3 – John Winthrop, American astronomer (b. 1714)
• June 7 – William Warburton, English critic, Bishop of Gloucester (b. 1698)
• June 10 – Jane Gomeldon, English writer, poet and adventurer (b. 1720)
• June 16 – Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (b. 1712)
• June 23 – Ras Mikael Sehul, Enderase of Ethiopia (b. 1692)
• June 28 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (b. 1704)
• June 29 – Anton Raphael Mengs, German-Bohemian painter (b. 1728)
• July 21 – Caleb Fleming, English dissenting minister, polemicist (b. 1698)
• August 26 – Henrika Juliana von Liewen, Swedish political salonnière (b. 1709)
• September 12 – Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician (b. 1711)
• October 11 – Kazimierz Pułaski, veteran commander of Polish, Russian, and American troops (b. 1745)
• November 16 – Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)
• December 6 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter (b. 1699)
• December 8 – Nathan Alcock, English physician (b. 1707)
• December 16 – Emperor Go-Momozono of Japan (b. 1758)
• December 17 – Giuseppe Carcani, Italian composer (b. 1703)
• December 23 – Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, British admiral and politician (b. 1724)

• Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect, military engineer (b. 1707)
• Johann Joseph Gassner, German priest (b. 1727)